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Geography AQA > Changing economic world - Nigeria > Flashcards

Changing economic world - Nigeria Flashcards

1
Q

What is GDP

A

Gross domestic product is the value of a country’s output from within the borders of a country.

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2
Q

What countries are in the BRICs and MINTs

A

Brazil Mexico
Russia Indonesia
India Nigeria
China Turkey

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3
Q

What is meant by quality of life?

A

The wide range of human needs that should be met alongside income growth

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4
Q

Ways to measure development of a country

A

-Maternal Mortality rate
-Education and literacy rates
-GDP
-Calorie intake
-% access to electricity
-Infrastructure

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5
Q

Why is HDI an effective development indicator?

A

As HDI takes into account 3 aspects of development, 2 social (Literacy rate + Life expectancy) and one Economic (GNI).

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6
Q

What stage of the Demographic transition model is an HIC in

A

stage 4 and 5 as they have slow growing populations or declining populations

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7
Q

What stage of the Demographic transition model are LICs in

A

Stages 1 and 2 as the population is rapidly growing with low life expectancies

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8
Q

What stage of the Demographic transition model are NEEs in

A

Stage 3 as they have slower growth than LICs but a higher life expectancy

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9
Q

What is natural increase?

A

When the birth rate is higher than the death rate.

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10
Q

Death rates fall in stage 2 of the DTM as:

A

-Medical care is improved
-Sanitation and water supplies have been improved
-Notable decrease in child mortality rates
-Food security and quality increase

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11
Q

Birth rates fall in stage 3 of the DTM as:

A

-Family planning methods are implemented
-Much lower infant mortality rates, causing less need for more babies

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12
Q

What factors have caused uneven development?

A

-Colonisation
-Neighboring countries invading
-Climate
-Landlocked countries
-Limited access to clean water
-Diseases

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13
Q

Examples of historical causes of uneven development

A

-The UK colonizing LICs and exploiting their raw materials

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14
Q

Examples of Physical causes of uneven development

A

-Extreme weather
-Limited access to clean water
-Landlocked

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15
Q

Examples of Economic causes of uneven development

A

-Poverty
-Trade

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16
Q

LICs trade _____ products

A

Primary - this earns them little money as they have little value

17
Q
A
18
Q

LICs heavily rely on _____ ______

A

Single exports

19
Q

Consequences of uneven development

A

Global migration
Health issues
Wealth imbalances

20
Q

Strategies to reduce the development gap

A

-Investment
-Industrial development
-Tourism
-Aid
-Appropriate technology
-Microfinance loans
-Fairtrade
-Debt relief

21
Q

How does Investment by TNCs work?

A

-Local people are employed to build factories or offices
-TNS invest into foreign countries and grow their economy.
-Multiplier effect

22
Q

How does Fairtrade reduce the development gap

A

-Farmers from LICs receive more proportion of the export money
-They have more income to improve quality of life
-Not accessible to everyone as people have to pay for fairtrade certification

23
Q

How does using appropriate technology reduce the development gap?

A

-LICs and NEEs are provided with technology to help them improve healthcare, access to sustainable energy and improved education, allowing them to develop as a country.

24
Q

An example of a TNC in Nigeria

A

Shell

25
Q

How does shell provide jobs in multiple sectors

A

It provides tertiary jobs in advertising, finance and transport
Quaternary for research
Primary and secondary for extracting and refining crude oil.

26
Q

Why are materials usually extracted from LICs by TNCs

A

Because it is cheaper, maximising profit

27
Q

Negative aspects of shell in Nigeria

A

-Huge economic costs of clearing up the spills
-Oil spills can kill wildlife and takes 30 years for habitats to regenerate
-Farmers and fishermen’s livelihood destroyed
-Loss of income to farmers and fishermen

28
Q

Positive aspects of shell in Nigeria

A

-Billions of dollars paid annually in corporate tax
-Shell development company gives out 30,000 scholarships
-6000 people directly employed causing a multiplier effect
-Shell is investing huge amounts into renewable energy stations

29
Q

Where does the company shell originate from?

A

The Netherlands and the UK

30
Q

Example of reducing development gap in Africa

A

Tunisia

31
Q

Pros of tourism in Tunisia

A

-Life expectancy improved as health and diet improve
-Literacy rates gone from 66 to 79%
-More families can send kids to school
-Better equality for women

32
Q

Cons of tourism in Tunisia

A

-Economic inequalities in central and southern regions of Tunisia
-Migration from those working in agriculture and fishing.

33
Q

What is one environmental problem caused by tourism in Tunisia

A

-Pollution of the environment as the beaches have been polluted with untreated sewage from hotels

34
Q

What occurred in Tunisia 2015

A

-There were 2 terrorist attacks specifically aimed at tourists.

Geography AQA (9 decks)

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