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Human Geography > Changing Places > Flashcards

Changing Places Flashcards

1
Q

What is an exogenous factor?

A

Something that influences place, without experiencing it.
eg. money and investors.

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2
Q

What is an endogenous factor?

A

These are factors that affect the place from within.
eg. Topography

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3
Q

What are the types of representation?

A

Formal
Informal
Abstract

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4
Q

What is a media place?

A

Somewhere you have experienced through a photo or watching a show.

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5
Q

Name three flows

A

Money
People
Materials

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6
Q

What is sense of place?

A

It’s the feeling that you gain from a place, that is personal to you.

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7
Q

What is Placelessness?

A

The idea that place has no sense of place, as it has been removed or damaged.

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8
Q

What is topography?

A

The impact that the shape of the land has upon a place.

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9
Q

What is gentrification?

A

This is the process of removing existing residents out of a “poorer” area, in order to re-build expensive new housing to bring wealth to an area. This was seen following Grenfell, as they were forced into housing that was unaffordable.

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10
Q

What is place attachment theory?

A

The longer a person resides in a place, the more attached they become to that place. This also occurs when an experience at a place is seen as intense.

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11
Q

What can be forces of change in a place?

A

National government
Local government
TNC’s (Costa in Totnes)
Individuals
Global institutions
National institutions- National Trust

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12
Q

What is Geospatial data?

A

Data that describes objects, events or features of a place by using location.
such as GIS Maps, Index of Multiple Deprivation and Datashine.

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13
Q

What is a near place?

A

A place frequently visited by a person and experienced first hand. You often form an attachment towards the specific place.

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14
Q

What is a far place?

A

A place you have not personally experienced, but you may have gained an understanding of through another person. Often have a slightly different lifestyle to you as a person.

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15
Q

What is spacial exclusion?

A

Where the dominant group in an area blocks the subservient group from entering somewhere through a physical boundary.

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16
Q

What is social exclusion?

A

The exclusion of the subservient group due to their ethnicity or economic background. Usually due to a pre-concepted view of this group.

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17
Q

How can topography impact a place?

A

The shape of the land surrounding an area can change what is built in an area, and who can live/ afford to be there.

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18
Q

What is glocalisation?

A

TNC release products that correlate to the specific place where they are sold.
For example, M&Ms sell cookie flavoured M&Ms in the US, responding to the requests of the people in the US.

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19
Q

What is locale?

A

The place where something occurs and encapsulates it function as well. The locale of a place can change, as it can be used for different things.
e.g the Olympiad has lots of functions, therefore the locale is different for everyone that uses it.

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20
Q

What is spatially transient?

A

Somewhere that is not always a place, but it still exists when moved.

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21
Q

What is a temporally transient place?

A

Usually holds something that makes it a place, but can become a space again.
eg. a Festival makes a field a place, but once removed the field becomes a space.

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22
Q

What is a dynamic place?

A

A place can change in multiple ways due to outside influences such as objects and people.

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23
Q

What does homogenous mean?

A

A place that looks the same as others, such as a shopping centre or high street. This usually occurs as a product of globalisation.

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24
Q

What are the two ways of feeling about a place?

A

Topophilia
Topophobia

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25
Q

What are the three key aspects of place?

A

Location
Locale
Sense of Place

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26
Q

What can you gain a sense of place through?

A

Religion
Language
Lived experience
Advertisement

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27
Q

What is perception of place?

A

The ideas and opinions that surround a place. People often have a perception of a place, before a sense of the place.

28
Q

What is an Insider?

A

A persons perspective is tinted as they know a place well and familiar with its topography. Their sense of a place develops through lived experience.

29
Q

What is an Outsider?

A

A persons perspective is skewed as they don’t know the place well. Their sense of place develops through the media or books.

30
Q

What are socio economic groups, and what are the types of groups?

A

They are groups found within society, that naturally divides people based upon circumstance and their appearance.
Examples- Age, Gender, Race and Ethnicity.

31
Q

What is a subservient group?

A

A group that is commonly recognised as a minority. However, this could change depending upon the circumstance.

32
Q

What is a Dominant socio- economic group?

A

The group that has the ability to make rules and has power within the place, and can make a person feel out of place.
eg. Adults are the dominant group across the country as they can vote meaning they have political influence.

33
Q

What is hostile architecture?

A

Forms of architecture that prevent the homeless from sleeping in an area, put in place on purpose. It is put in place by the dominant group to avoid an area being “tarnished” by the subservient group.

34
Q

Give two examples of hostile architecture/ social exclusion.

A

Rounded benches- New York Subway.
Used to prevent sleeping on as they are uncomfortable and very narrow, making them almost impossible to lie upon.
Anti- Homeless Spikes- New York Skyscrapers
Tenants within the buildings didn’t want the appearance of the building to be damaged by the image that the homeless prevent.

35
Q

How can a sense of dislocation occur?

A

Having short term tenancies and rented accommodation can leave many people feel as if they are not attached to a place, as they are aware they are not there in a permanent state.

36
Q

What do gated communities encourage?

A

They are targeted at the highly wealthy, meaning that it excludes the majority of society. This encourages spatial exclusion, and divisions within society.

37
Q

How can gentrification occur?

A

In areas that already have a high amount of wealth disparity, such as Kensington. The wealthy are able to easily by the cheap houses/ land and then use it to develop upon.

38
Q

Why did gentrification occur in Kensington?

A

Northern areas of the borough are amongst the most deprived within the UK. However, the southern areas of Kensington are amongst the top 10% most wealthy in the country meaning that there was a high wealth disparity.

39
Q

Give three facts about Ely Place.

A

The value of properties range from £800,000- £1,000,000.
Located within the business district, close to Holborn and Farringdon.
All residences are 2 or 3 bedroom flats.

40
Q

What occurred during Apartheid that created social exclusion?

A

Initially it aimed to introduce equal opportunities for all by separating different ethnicities. The white population was much bigger, and had better opportunities.
eg. most doctors were white, meaning that many black people couldn’t get treatment, as there was already a smaller pool of doctors.

41
Q

What contributes to creating a near place?

A

You fully understand the locale of a place.
People that live in area live in a similar way to us.
They contribute to our sense of home.

42
Q

What is an experienced place?

A

A place that a person has visited, and therefore gained a personal sense of place from through your experiences.

43
Q

What contributes to place experience?

A

You acquire a deeper understanding of the place and its nature.
Your previous perceptions of a place change through experience.

44
Q

What contributes to the creation of a far place?

A

Racist ideologies can develop, as a person has not visited.
If a division already exists between two countries/ places.

45
Q

How can we gain an understanding of India through Slumdog?

A

It is highly violent, and portrayed as an emerging nation with lots of new construction.
It demonstrates the struggles that people encounter living in high poverty.
It encourages a negative view of the Indian culture.

46
Q

How can the media negatively impact a place?

A

They are not as reliable and accurate in demonstrating a place, as it comes from one persons perspective.
Media often only shows one side of a story.

47
Q

How can Humans impact a place and its characteristics?

A

Building new Infrastructure.
Architecture and its designs.
The way that land is used.
The density of a population in a place.

48
Q

How can physical factors affect place characteristics?

A

The geology found in the area.
The topography of the land in the surrounding area.
Access to water resources.
A places’ location.

49
Q

How are the economy and the demographics connected in creating a place?

A

Younger populations are able to work in more physical jobs, and are more likely to stay in employment for longer.
This boosts the local economy as money and people are brought into an area.

50
Q

How have Polish migrants impacted Wiltshire?

A

Most have settled in Trowbridge and Chippenham.
Following Poland joining the EU in 2004, the polish population in chippenham grew from 2.2% to 2.7%.
They have settled in the same housing estate in Chippenham, in the Downing Street area.

51
Q

What is an example of a flow of money?

A

Tax havens, found in Monaco, Switzerland and Singapore.
A place offers low rates of taxation for foreign investors.
They allow people to place money into accounts that can be used in a place, yet at low tax therefore benefitting both parties.
Currently 48% of Swiss bank accounts are held by foreign investors.

52
Q

How can tax havens impact the character of a place?

A

Switzerland is a strong financial country, which entices wealthy people to move to the area.
It means that a place can be controlled by exogenous factors, and therefore changes the dynamic of a place.
Almost gentrifies an entire country.

53
Q

What is an example of abstract representation?

A

Transport maps- The tube map doesn’t show you exact locations, but it demonstrates the links between different trainlines.
OS Maps- Personal skills are used to read and understand them.

54
Q

What is an example of informal representation?

A

Art forms- These are creative and usually informed by lived experiences. This means that they are closely related to the people that create them.

55
Q

What is an example of formal representation?

A

Population density statistics- These cannot be debated and are based upon data that has been collected.

56
Q

What factors that make Exeter a Clone Town?

A

Lots of large chain stores, such as WHSmiths, Costa and Superdrug.
The Train station has a highly recognisable appearance, with the stone brick ticket office and a small cafe.

57
Q

What occurs in Exeter that shows it isn’t a complete Clone?

A

They hold a weekly farmers market, that allows for the sale of locally grown fresh produce. This being the opposite of a globalised city.
Both the Cathedral and parts of the Uni were built in the 11th Century, this contrasts strongly with the rest of the city.

58
Q

What is the definition of a Clone Town?

A

A high street or major shopping centres that are dominated by chain stores, therefore have an almost identical appearance.

59
Q

How many towns in the UK were considered as clones?

A

41%, according to the NEF. (2005)

60
Q

What is globalisation?

A

An increase of global connections, especially by large companies that produce and export goods to a large amount of countries.

61
Q

What has globalisation done to society?

A

It has led to a rise in global culture, meaning that people appear more similar across the globe. People have similar fashion interests, with teens dressing similarly in the US and the UK.

62
Q

How many countries do M&Ms produce glocalised products?

A

29

63
Q

What is the process of regeneration?

A

Improving and investing in a place, meaning that the function of a place may change to bring income into an area.
eg. Bristol Harbourside.

64
Q

What is rebranding?

A

Gives a new and improved image to a part of a city, to attract people to the area. This is cheaper than fully regenerating a place.

65
Q

What three things did Barcelona do to rebrand the city?

A

Hosting the 1992 Olympic games.
The 1929 World Exhibition held at the Placa Espana, is now the main exhibition held at the centre of Barcelona.
The re-building of beaches, to give the feel of a holiday destination.

66
Q

How did Barcelona’s rebranding change the identity of the city?

A

It brought a new sense of unification to the area, particularly in the run up to the olympics.
It adds a new sense of historical value to a place, as people remember when a place goes through a distinct change.

67
Q

What did Barcelona do to highlight the changes made to the city?

A

They added a new verb to the Spanish language, to highlight the changes in the Raval district. The word “Ravalejar” represents the edgy attitude and way of life of the area.

Human Geography (4 decks)

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