Changing Places Flashcards
(21 cards)
Exogenous factor examples
-People -> Migration = Intra/international
-Globalisation -> Affecting economic activity = deindustrialising
-Money -> flows of investment
-Ideas -> Linked to globalisation
-Infrastructure -> Motorways, rain connections and distance to airport
-Resources -> Food and resources
Endogenous factor examples
-Land use -> Agriculture, urban or industrial, leisure
-Economic characteristics -> Primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary industries
-Topography -> Hills or mountains e.g. flat places for farming and mountainous regions for grazing of animals
-Physical geography -> Floodplains or river valley, geology e.g. altitude, aspect, soil and rock type or rich natural resources like iron and coal
-Infrastructure -> Motorways, railway connections and bridges, high-density buildings
-Location -> Height above sea level, coastal location e.g. could allow ports for trade
-Built environment -> Georgian, Victorian and Modern or town = higher density buildings e.g. tower blocks and complex networks but villages = lower density buildings and less complex
-Demographic -> Age, population or ethnicity
Migration with EU
When the UK was in the EU it welcomed people from 28 EU countries as past of the free movement agreement.
-2004 EU became larger including 10 countries from Eastern countries
-2004-2009 flows of people into the UK peaked at 1.5 million
2/3 of these immigrants were polish. Industries such as fish processing in East Anglia benefitted due to influx in labour
Why do external flows cause places to change?
Flows of people, resources, money and ideas, which in recent history have increased between places this is because of the improvements of transport and communications allowing places to become more strongly connected
What is the demographic change caused by shifting flows?
-Flows of people can change any of the demographic e.g. age and gender balance. Younger people leaving towns as they are unable to afford to buy a house in the area, leaving a increasingly higher proportion of older people
-Flows of money and investment, either by governments or businesses
What are the cultural characteristics change caused by shifting flows?
How people live their lives; the foods they eat, clothing, traditions, language, art, attitudes, beliefs, values
What are the economic characteristics change caused by shifting flows?
Average income, employment rates and types of jobs availble, possible financial instability
What is the social characteristics change caused by shifting flows?
Overall quality of life, access to food or healthcare + education and leisure facilities
What is place identity?
The meaning and significance of a place to the people who live there and it’s users. It’s how people experience a place and the meanings they give it. Different groups hold multiple, and sometimes conflicting views
What is the theory by John Montogomery?
3 elements contributes to a sense and place and thus will determine a part of place identity. Physical settings, activity and meaning/image. ‘Triangle of place identity
What is agglomeration?
People moving from rural to urban areas because they are attracted to better paid jobs and quality of life
What is suburbanisation?
Urban sprawl causes the city to grow and improved transport links mean people can move further out of the city
What is counter-urbanisation?
People move from large cities to smaller villages and commute into the city
What is regeneration?
Redevelopment of urban areas that have become run down
How can suburbanisation affect the inner city positively?
-Clearance in space can improve transport links
-Could increase environmental quality - recreational areas can be created
-Decrease deman for high density, high-rise housing
-Low quality housing can be cleared and more low-rise buildings can be constructed
How can suburbanisation affect the inner city negatively?
-Decreased employment in the area = spiral of decline
-Communities are split up and buildings are left empty
-Areas look run down - not aesthetically pleasing which may deter investment
-Social conflict between the rich in the suburbs and poor in the inner city
-Businesses move away and shops close down as the people do
-Decline can occur in the inner city as people move away
How will suburbanisation affect the rural-urban fringe positively?
-Increased people paying taxes = more investment
-New facilities and services open up
-Increasing employment opportunities outside of the CBD (central business district)
-This demands has also aided the growth of retail parks
-As wealthy people move in, there is an increased demand for recreational facilities such as golf courses
How can suburbanisation affect the rural-urban fringe negatively?
-Increased cost of land and houses
-Greenbelts is put under increasing pressure
-The city increases in size as the demand for housing in the suburbs increases
-Lose local village atmosphere and sense of community
-More people commuting = increased air and noise pollution
Definitions of globalisation
-The increase of trade around the world, especially by large companies producing and trading goods in many different countries
-The increasing interconnection of the world’s economic, cultural and political systems
-Globalisation has increased the production of goods and services. The biggest companies are no longer national firms but Transnational Corporations with subsidiaries in many countries
What is global culture?
The rise of globalisation has also lead to the global company, the multinational, these global companies have had a huge impact on cultural trends across the world. This has lead some people not to talk of global culture, but a brand new world
What is global marketing?
Global marketing is defined as ‘marketing on a worldwide scale’, reconciling or taking commercial advantage of global operational differences, similarities and opportunities in order to meet global objectives. When a company goes global it views the world as one market and creates products to fit the various regional markets. The ultimate goal is to sell the same thing everywhere
