Represenation Of A Place Flashcards
(25 cards)
Where is the emptiest OS grid square in the UK?
Ousefleet, Lincolnshire
Ordnance survey maps info
-provide an objective representation of the area they cover, choices made on what to and what to not include
-In the Empty grid square = flat agricultural land where oil seed rape and wheat grow, which shows that despite it being ‘empty space’ on an OS map it to farmers and the local community, has a meaning and emotional attachments
What are formal representations?
-These tend to be more objective based on fact rather than feelings or emotions
-This includes all statistical representations of place such as census or geospatial data
-90% of data collected over the last decade is geographically located
-A census is taken every 10 years to paint a picture of the nation and how we live in
What are abstract representations?
-Paintings and films = less abstract than maps or geographic info
-London tube map is an abstract diagrammatic map showing relationships between places
-In 2009, a tube map without the River Thames was introduced but outraged people as it is a main way to navigate
-OS maps are also considered abstract - once skills are learnt you are able to read and understand OS maps
What are informal representations?
-Places can be informally represented through many ways: Art, TV, film, music and photography
-Representations do not necessarily show what actually exists - they tend to be creative, selective and stylised
-Murals and graffiti are modern artistic representations
-These meanings may relate closely with certain groups in society than others
Key phrases from New York - Alicia Keys
It’s an informal qualitative representation
-“Melting pot” -> Diverse and multicultural
-“Concrete jungle” -> The built up environment
-“Hunger for more than an empty fridge” ->
-“On the corner selling rock” -> Selling drugs demonstrating the negatives you are surrounded by
-“Big lights will inspire you” -> Demonstrating there is potential to reach goals you have set for yourself (career wise)
The song helps to provide insight on daily life and sights of New York from the perspective of an insider
Relationships and connections with places
-Places are forced to change over time due to their relationships and connections with people and other places
-Consider the economic rise and fall of British Industrial cities and the impact this has on population and the environment
-British seaside resorts have also undergone change over the last 50 years due to increasing popularity of holidays abroad
-Conflict can also change areas such as terrorism (9/11), industrial accidents (Chernobyl) and natural disasters (New Orleans)
-Conflict may arise when people resist change - e.g. Notting Hill gentrification in 2012, it is now home to London’s wealthiest residents whereas in 1899 it was one of the biggest slums in London
How can government policies force change?
-Directly affect the demographic characteristics of places e.g. introducing policies to control population -> China introduced one-child policy to rapidly reduce population growth but France introduced policies like lower taxes and better maternity leave conditions to increase birth rates
-Policies that affect cultural characteristics e.g. controlling immigration -> 1960’s German governments invited Turkish people to live and work in Germany causing many to migrate and stay long term = Turkish culture becoming apart of German culture like common turkish fast food restaurants in Germany and is the 2nd most widely spoken language and Islam widely practised
-Some policies affect demographic, economic and social characteristics e.g. funding schemes aimed at regenerating run-down areas. In 1992, Hulme city challenge partnership rebuilt houses creating a new park, refurbished shopping areas, built an art venue and business park. Scheme led to an increase in population, created jobs, reduced unemployment and increased quality of life
How do transnational corporations force a change?
-Major impacts on demographic, economic and social characteristics e.g. Detroit which was a major global centre of car manufacturing
-Investments from TNC’s give the city a major economic boost - large number of jobs created offering high wages
-Altered the demographic by attracting large numbers of migrants
How do impacts of international or global institutions force a change?
-World food programme is an international organisation that provides food assistance, often as emergency aid, whenever it is needed -> Affects social and demographic characteristics by ensuring people have enough food, preventing deaths from famine and starvation
-World bank an international organisation that invests in, and helps set up, thousands of projects round the world that are aimed at reducing poverty. It improved social conditions
Info about Bournville Village, Birmingham
-Has been shaped by the beliefs and ideals of one industrial family - Cadbury’s
-Built as a garden village with tree lined roads and houses with front and back gardens for the employees of cadburys factory
-No public housing constructed but Bournville Trust set up schools, hospitals, museums and reading rooms for the workers
-When Cadbury’s went global and Bournville was no longer inhabited by the employees, the place changed very little
-Physical appearance remained largely the same
-2003 it was labelled ‘nicest place in Britain’
-Large green areas remain and buildings is tightly controlled and the area has little crime
Info about Devonport, Plymouth
-Changed considerably over the last 50 years, largely as a result of external factors
-Originally a naval dock land in the 18th Century and one of the fastest growing towns
-After WW2, the navy requisitioned Devonport as a storage enclave and enclosed it with a meter high wall which split the town in two
-Naval jobs continued to decline and let to significant social and economic problems
-2001-11 - Devonport benefitted from New Deals for communities, addressing crime, community housing and education
-Community groups such as the Pembroke street estate Management Board have been heavily involved
-Inter-war housing was removed and historical landmarks were incorporated into the new development - constructed some Georgian style housing to attract wealthier groups
What is rebranding?
Giving a new image to part of the city to attract people back to the area e.g. Birmingham Eastside
What is gentrification?
When the status of an inner urban area which has become unfashionable and neglected is upgraded and the status is improved e.g. London Docklands
What is regeneration?
Improving and investing in an area. May include demolishing places and new places. The use of a place may change e.g. Birmingham
Examples of representation of a place
-Angel of the North -> Signify that beneath it coal miners work for 2 centuries, transition from industrial to information and focus for evolving hopes and fears
-One world trade centre -> Know colloquially as the ‘Freedom tower’, memorialised what happened in 2001 and representation of rebuilding after attacks
-Dismaland -> temporary Art exhibition made by banksy
-Guggenheim -> Built in 1997, one of the most spectacular buildings of 20th century and represented one of those rare moments where critics, academics and the public were united about something
Why does urban sprawl occur in poor countries?
-Fast population growth - lack of contraception
-Rural to urban migration - poor quality of life and famine in rural areas
-Poor income earners - infill on sides of main roads
Why does urban sprawl happen in rich countries?
-Rich/middle class
-Roads - linear development and increase car ownership
-Decentralisation of goods and services - out of town shopping
-Large houses in the suburbs, more green space and wealthier environment
-Increase in footloose industries- people working from home
Green belt in Great Britain
Areas of open space and low density land use where development would be strictly controlled, utilised to try and limit how much cities could grow
Info about the UK’s increasing population
-Predicted to reach 70 million by 2033
-More people are able to afford to live on their own - increased housing demand
-Government wanting to build 240,000 houses every year
Advantage of building on greenfield site
-No clean up costs from previous sites
-Existing roads networks are not in place meaning there are no restrictions
-They are often on the edge of cities where land is cheaper
-Edges are often close to motorways
-Planners have a blank space
Advantages of building on brownfield sites
-More sustainable
-Stop cities expanding
-Easier to gain planning permission
-Closer to CBD for shopping and jobs
Controversial development: Newcastle Great Park
-ongoing residential development build on the green belt
-Offers 4500 new homes
-Aim to provide affordable quality housing
-Has allocated land for recreational space, a school, community facilities and a business park
Arguments for Newcastle Great Park
-4500 homes - useful for richer residents and generates income for the developers
-80 hectares of commercial development which could generate jobs
-1500 jobs in 2 years
27km of cycle routes
