Changing Places - the nature and importance of places

Question 1

what is place

Answer 1

somewhere with meaning

Question 2

what is placenessness

Answer 2

somewhere that could be anywhere

Question 3

what is space

Answer 3

geographical location with no meaning

Question 4

what are John Agnew three fundamental aspects of place

Answer 4

location
locale
sense of place

Question 5

what is location

Answer 5

where a place is on the map, latitude longitude coordinates

Question 6

what is locale

Answer 6

each place made up of a series of locals or settings where everyday life activities take place these settings affect social interaction and help to forge values, attitudes and behaviors

Question 7

what is sense of place

Answer 7

subjective and emotional attachment to a place, its meaning

Question 8

what is Glastonburys location

Answer 8

south west England
Sommerset
23 miles south of Bristol

Question 9

what is Glastonbury locale

Answer 9

home to a number of visitor attraction including Glastonbury Abbey and Glastonbury Ton

Question 10

what is glastonbury sense of place

Answer 10

place of spiritual importance for people interested in paganism
religious connections or the king Arthur affiliation
the music festival

Question 11

what does the importance of a place depend on

Answer 11

attachment and identity

Question 12

what is localism

Answer 12

an affection for or an emotional ownership of a particular place
not normally seen in a political sense it
seen through nimbyism

Question 13

what is regionalism

Answer 13

consciousness of and a loyalty to a nation or distinct region with a population that shares similarities

Question 14

what is nationalism

Answer 14

loyalty and devotion to a nation which creates a sense of national consciousness
patriotism could be considered aa an example as a sense of place

Question 15

what is belongin

Answer 15

context of place
to belong means to be part if the community
key factor that makes a place sustainable and successful
regeneration schemes focus on social environment as much as built environment and health and wellbeing viewed to be much better where there is a vibrant harmonious and inclusive community

Question 16

how is West Hollywood associated with place identity

Answer 16

city in Los Angeles
population of 35,000
identity linked to ay men
founded in 1984 - oasis for gays where they were better protected from gaybashing
nickname was boystown
helped shaped identity for ay people themselves
used symbol of gay identity during their campaign to incorporate west Hollywood (becoming a city)
Benjamin Forest believed that this location having focus of gay identity meant community able to construct an identity based on more than just sexual acts
Forest believes that having the attachment meant that gay identity could be seen as kind of an ethnicity
place acted to normalise and neutralise the identity of gay people

Question 17

what did Pico Iyer think about the concept of where home is

Answer 17

pieces of many places and putting them together
carried around inside you
can choose and create - not assigned to you
‘age of movement’ - more people have more wealth meaning they can travel more if they choose to
not widely applicable application - not everyone has the wealth to be moving and choosing where there home is, people may travel due to negative reasons e.g. conflict and wars - dont feel at home because of negative memories

Question 18

what is Yi-Fu Tuan alternative view of place

Answer 18

to the young child the parent is his primary place
place is a space we know and endow with value
people view homeland as a place of nourishment safety and support
love of ones homeland is universal

Question 19

how did brexit change peoples feeling about the UK

Answer 19

identity crisis
loss of identity
Erasmus program
after brexit there was a 13% decrease of people identifying themselves nationally - ethnicity religion and community increased

Question 20

what is an insider perspective of a place

Answer 20

someone who feels like they belong

Question 21

what is an outsider perspective of a place

Answer 21

someone who doesnt feel a sense of belonging in a place

Question 22

what is place attachement

Answer 22

the relationship or emotional bond developed between people and place
Yi-Fu Tuan coined the term topophilia to describe the love that people feel for a particular place

Question 23

what is genius loci

Answer 23

used to describe the distinctive spirit of a place

Question 24

what can place attachment be based on

Answer 24

person - cultural/group, individual
process - affect, cognition, behavior
place - social, physical

Question 25

how can place attachment be based on cultural/group

Answer 25

religious, historical may be religiously based, places like mecca or Jerusalem or on a smaller scale e.g. churches or shrines are central to many religions and their meaning are central to many religions and their sacred meanings are shared amongst worshippers symbolic meanings of a place are shared amongst group members e.g. groups may become attached to areas wherein they may practice and thus perceive their culture, culture links members to place through shared historical experiences, values and symbols

Question 26

how can place attachment be based on individuals

Answer 26

experiences, relisations, milestones places often gain meaning because of personal experiences, life milestones and realisations often the experience in that place rater than the place itself that creates attachment

Question 27

how can place attachment be based on affect

Answer 27

happiness, love, pride person place bonding requires and emotional connection to a particular place attachment is normally defines in positive terms: the desire to maintain closeness to a place is an attempt to experience the positive emotions a place may evoke

Question 28

how can place attachment be based on cognition

Answer 28

memory, knowledge, schemes, meaning the memories, beliefs, meaning and knowledge that individuals associate with place make them personally important and therefore help form place attachment

Question 29

how can place attachment be based on behaviour

Answer 29

proximity-maintaining, reconstruction of place attachment is expressed through actions , typically maintaining close proximity to a specific place or reinventing or their current environment to look like home or a place the are specifically attached to

Question 30

how can place attachment be based on social

Answer 30

social arena, social symbol attachment is due to social relationships and so the attachment is redirected to others who live in the place rater than the place itself, it can be linked to sense of community

Question 31

how can place attachment be based on physical

Answer 31

natural, built]a person may become attached to the physical featured of a place, such as the built environment, or the meaning that these features represent

Question 32

how may people be spatially excluded from a place

Answer 32

hostile architecture walls e.g. berlin wall fast track/VIP

Question 33

how may people be socially excluded from a place

Answer 33

cant speak language so cant interact with people being far from family ethnic minorities e.g. rural areas social normals which people arent aware of class e.g. working, upper, middle clothes e.g. uniform

Question 34

how may people feel politically excluded from a place

Answer 34

place very politically oriented in one wat people who dont agree may feel judged or not accepted conflict e.g. afghanistan

Question 35

how may people feel economically excluded from a place

Answer 35

not being able to afford things other can e.g. clothes gender pay gap tax branches/wealth e.g. kensington vs tower hamlets

Question 36

who might excluded groups include

Answer 36

ethnic minorities, immigrants, local nationals (people born and brought up in a place but feel separate from it)

Question 37

what are characteristics of insiders

Answer 37

born in x or their parents were born there permanent residents, holds a passport in country, can work vote claim benifits like free housing and healthcare fluent in local language safe, secure, happy feels at home or in place

Question 38

what are the characteristics of outsiders

Answer 38

not born in x, they are an immigrant and/or their parents and grandparents were immigrants temporary visitor, holds foreign passport and or limited visa to stay, may not be able to work vote and claim benifits may be travelling for business/in search of work pleasure safety frequantly makes faux pas or misunderstands social interactions homesick, alienated in exile feels out of place

Question 39

what are shared places

Answer 39

street or place designed to improve pedestrian movement and comfort by reducing the dominance of motor vehicles and enabling all users to share the space rather than follow the clearly defined rules implied by more conventional designs

Question 40

what are the pros of shared spaces

Answer 40

reduced wait times for pedestrians more pedestrians as easier to walk pedestrians more equality/power aesthetically pleasing quicker/easier to build weelchair users - lack of curbs

Question 41

what are the cons of shared spaces

Answer 41

safety - injuries takes more time for cars congestion - people may not get out of the way need more spatial awareness take time for people to adapt harder for emergency services to get past visually impaired - cant tell difference between road and pavement, no road to cross at

Question 42

what is the character of a place

Answer 42

the physical and human feature that help to distinguish if from another place

Question 43

what are endogenous factors

Answer 43

originate internally

Question 44

what are examples of endogenous factors

Answer 44

topography land use socio economic characteristics location built environment demographic characteristics infrastructure other physical features - floodplain, rover valley, geology

Question 45

what are exogenous factors

Answer 45

factors that originate externally and include, link to or influences from other places movement of people

Question 46

what are example of exogenous factors

Answer 46

movement of - people - migrants or workers come from outside a place to live or work - resources - raw materials, transport infrastructure - money and investment - investment from a business based outside the area - ideas - urban planners, architects, businesses and artists may brin ideas to shape and change a place

Question 47

what are exogenous factors that influenced Wendover

Answer 47

Influencing insiders Many local people were annoyed by the opening of Costa Coffee in Wendover (2012/2013) Limited parking for residents due to transient traffic visiting Costa Rubbish is messy, collection may result in congestion People spending money on large chain companies rather than small businesses in Wendover Destroying the village like character of Wendover Fears Costa Coffee will attract more chain stores Influencing flows of people The surrounding rural environment of Wendover has allowed it to develop as a town with more of a village/rural feel, and because it is accessible, it has become somewhat of a commuter village (1h train to London, 1.5h drive), particularly for families seeking an escape from larger towns/cities

Question 48

what is a near place

Answer 48

somewhere that an individual/society perceives as being physical close either by being accessible or spatial close. This could also be from a sense of attachment

Question 49

what is a far place

Answer 49

somewhere that an individual/society perceives as being physically distant, generally inaccessible beyond spatial distance this can be shaped by networks of infrastructure or access to them, this could be from a lack of attachment

Question 50

what is an experienced place

Answer 50

somewhere we have a connection to, a sense of place has been developed

Question 51

what is a media place

Answer 51

somewhere we have opinions based on different media portals e.g. films or books

Question 52

what is genius loci

Answer 52

a term used by planner to describe the key characteristics of a place, with which any new developments must concur