Chaopter 3

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

Process of breaking food into small pieces to be absorbed

Question 2

Amount of time it takes food to pass the length of the GI TRACT

Answer 2

24-72 hrs

Question 3

Layers of gut wall

Answer 3

External connective tissue
Provide strong support and protection

Smooth muscle
Mixes and propels food through gut wall

Connective tissue
Nerve and blood vessels to provide mucosal with nutrients
Help with secretion and muscle contraction

Mucosal
Cells provide protection 
Live 2-5 days
Produce mucous 
Most important cells in GI tract

Question 4

Liver

Answer 4

Bikes bile

Digestion and absorption of fat

Question 5

Pancreas

Answer 5

Biocarbonate to neutralize intestinal contents

Produce enzyme that digests protein fats and carbs

Question 6

Gallbladder

Answer 6

Stores bile

Question 7

Small intestine

Answer 7

Complete digestion

Absorbs nutrients into blood or lymph

Question 8

Salivary amylase

Answer 8

Breaks starch into smaller carbs

Question 9

Rennin

Answer 9

Milk protein to curdle

Question 10

Pepsin

Answer 10

Protein into polypeptides and AA

Question 11

Trypsin

Answer 11

Protein and polypeptides into shorter chains

Question 12

Chymootrypsin

Answer 12

Proteins and polypeptides into shorter chains

Question 13

Carboxpepidase

Answer 13

Polypeptides into AA

Question 14

Pancreatic Amylase

Answer 14

Starch into shorter glucose chains

Question 15

Pancreatic lipase

Answer 15

Breaks down Triglycerides

Question 16

Lipase

Answer 16

Breaks monoglycerides

Question 17

Sucrase

Answer 17

Sucrose into glucose and fructose

Question 18

Lactase

Answer 18

Lactose into glucose and galactose

Question 19

Maltase

Answer 19

Maltose into glucose

Question 20

Dexiranse

Answer 20

Breaks short chains of glucose into smaller ones

Question 21

Gastrin

Answer 21

Secretion of HCI and pepsinogen

Increases motility and emptying

Question 22

Somatostatin

Answer 22

Stomach secretion
Motility
Emptying
Pancreatic secretion
Bile release

Question 23

Secretin

Answer 23

Gastric secretion
Motility
Increase output of water
Increase bile output from liver

Question 24

CCK

Answer 24

Contraction of gallbladder

Increase pancreatic juice output

Question 25

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Answer 25

Inhibits gastric secretion and motility

Question 26

Explain the barrier function

Answer 26

Lymphocytes Synthesis of antibodies Antibodies recognize and bind to antigen The binding causes the phagocyte to engulf antigen Destruction of harmful organism

Question 27

What does saliva contain

Answer 27

Amaylase which helps break down carbs Lyzosome which helps to inhibit bacterial growth in the mouth Saliva helps prevent tooth decay

Question 28

Why is chewing important

Answer 28

Mechanically breaks down food increasing surface area in contact with digestive enzymes Expose nutrients Especially with fibre

Question 29

Pharynx

Answer 29

Shared with digestive and respiratory tract

Question 30

Epiglottis

Answer 30

Connective tissue which covers larynx and passage way to lungs

Question 31

Explain peristalsis

Answer 31

Circular muscles contract pushing the bolts down Longitudinal muscles contract shortening the passageway ahead of the bolus The rhythmic contractions propel food down the esophagus

Question 32

Is the stomach wall thick or thin

Answer 32

Thick and have the strongest muscle in the GI tract | Little absorption happens in stomach

Question 33

What are stomach wall lined with

Answer 33

With mucous and millions of gastric pits-openings that contain gastric glands and secrete gastric juice

Question 34

What hormone is secreted when food enters the stomach

Answer 34

Gastrin Secreted by stomach mucosa Stimulated release of gastric juice from gastric glands

Question 35

What does HCL do

Answer 35

Help digest food and inhibit bacterial growth

Question 36

What does intrinsic factor do

Answer 36

Involved in the absorption of b12

Question 37

What does pepsinogen do

Answer 37

Inactive protein digesting enzyme which is activated to pepsin by acid in the stomach. Most powerful digesting enzyme Pepsin Digesting protein into AA

Question 38

Things that can stimulate gastric secretion and motility

Answer 38

Thought Smell Sight Taste Food entering stomach