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Kin 275 > Chaopter 3 > Flashcards

Chaopter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion

A

Process of breaking food into small pieces to be absorbed

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2
Q

Amount of time it takes food to pass the length of the GI TRACT

A

24-72 hrs

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3
Q

Layers of gut wall

A

External connective tissue
Provide strong support and protection

Smooth muscle
Mixes and propels food through gut wall

Connective tissue
Nerve and blood vessels to provide mucosal with nutrients
Help with secretion and muscle contraction

Mucosal
Cells provide protection 
Live 2-5 days
Produce mucous 
Most important cells in GI tract
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4
Q

Liver

A

Bikes bile

Digestion and absorption of fat

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5
Q

Pancreas

A

Biocarbonate to neutralize intestinal contents

Produce enzyme that digests protein fats and carbs

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6
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile

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7
Q

Small intestine

A

Complete digestion

Absorbs nutrients into blood or lymph

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8
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Breaks starch into smaller carbs

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9
Q

Rennin

A

Milk protein to curdle

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10
Q

Pepsin

A

Protein into polypeptides and AA

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11
Q

Trypsin

A

Protein and polypeptides into shorter chains

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12
Q

Chymootrypsin

A

Proteins and polypeptides into shorter chains

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13
Q

Carboxpepidase

A

Polypeptides into AA

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14
Q

Pancreatic Amylase

A

Starch into shorter glucose chains

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15
Q

Pancreatic lipase

A

Breaks down Triglycerides

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16
Q

Lipase

A

Breaks monoglycerides

17
Q

Sucrase

A

Sucrose into glucose and fructose

18
Q

Lactase

A

Lactose into glucose and galactose

19
Q

Maltase

A

Maltose into glucose

20
Q

Dexiranse

A

Breaks short chains of glucose into smaller ones

21
Q

Gastrin

A

Secretion of HCI and pepsinogen

Increases motility and emptying

22
Q

Somatostatin

A 
Stomach secretion
Motility
Emptying
Pancreatic secretion
Bile release
23
Q

Secretin

A

Gastric secretion
Motility
Increase output of water
Increase bile output from liver

24
Q

CCK

A

Contraction of gallbladder

Increase pancreatic juice output

25
Q

Gastric inhibitory peptide

A

Inhibits gastric secretion and motility

26
Q

Explain the barrier function

A

Lymphocytes
Synthesis of antibodies
Antibodies recognize and bind to antigen
The binding causes the phagocyte to engulf antigen
Destruction of harmful organism

27
Q

What does saliva contain

A

Amaylase which helps break down carbs

Lyzosome which helps to inhibit bacterial growth in the mouth

Saliva helps prevent tooth decay

28
Q

Why is chewing important

A

Mechanically breaks down food increasing surface area in contact with digestive enzymes

Expose nutrients
Especially with fibre

29
Q

Pharynx

A

Shared with digestive and respiratory tract

30
Q

Epiglottis

A

Connective tissue which covers larynx and passage way to lungs

31
Q

Explain peristalsis

A

Circular muscles contract pushing the bolts down
Longitudinal muscles contract shortening the passageway ahead of the bolus

The rhythmic contractions propel food down the esophagus

32
Q

Is the stomach wall thick or thin

A

Thick and have the strongest muscle in the GI tract

Little absorption happens in stomach

33
Q

What are stomach wall lined with

A

With mucous and millions of gastric pits-openings that contain gastric glands and secrete gastric juice

34
Q

What hormone is secreted when food enters the stomach

A

Gastrin
Secreted by stomach mucosa
Stimulated release of gastric juice from gastric glands

35
Q

What does HCL do

A

Help digest food and inhibit bacterial growth

36
Q

What does intrinsic factor do

A

Involved in the absorption of b12

37
Q

What does pepsinogen do

A

Inactive protein digesting enzyme which is activated to pepsin by acid in the stomach. Most powerful digesting enzyme

Pepsin
Digesting protein into AA

38
Q

Things that can stimulate gastric secretion and motility

A

Thought
Smell
Sight
Taste

Food entering stomach

Kin 275 (6 decks)

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