CHAOTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PERCEPTION

Question 1

perceptual process

what is the perceptual process for?

Answer 1

It helps us to determine our experience of a reaction to a stimuli in our environment

Question 2

perceptuañl process

waht processes are involved in the perceptual process?

Answer 2

1.Stimulus,
2. Electricity,
3.Experience and Action
4. Knowledge

Question 3

perceptual process

What types of stimulus do we have?

Answer 3

1. Environmnetal stimuli: The environmental stimulus is all of the things in our environment that we can potentially perceive.
2. Attended stimulis: is when we focus our attention nand its the center
3. stimulus on the receptors: its the image that is proyected on our retina

Question 4

perceptual process

in the process of electricity what do we have?

Answer 4

4. Transduction:n is the transformation of
   one form of energy into another form of energy.
5. Transmission: the electrical signals activate more neurons and trnasmit them to the brain. CRUCIAL IF THIS DOSENT HAPPEN WE CANMT TALK ABOUT PERCEPTION.
6. Processing: neural processing, which involves interactions between
   neurons

the electrical signals taht are created by the receptors and transmitted

Question 5

perceptual process

1. What does expoerience and action consist of?
2. What is action and experience?

perception and recognition are not the same thing because perception has

Answer 5

1. Consists of perception a sensory experience, recognition categorazing an object and action motor activities
2. its about acting upon objects that we perceive in our environment

Question 6

perceptual process

1.What is knowledge?
2.What processes are involved here to be able to create perception?

Answer 6

1. Its any typoe of info that the perceiver brings to a situation.
2. we have bottom up processe and top down processes

Question 7

perceptual `process

distal stimulus

Answer 7

The perceived object

Question 8

perceptual process

The stimulus energy

Answer 8

Proximal stimulus

Question 9

Aproacvh to the study of perception

1. What are the objectives of studying perception?
2. What two aproaches do we have?

Answer 9

1. perception, recognition, action
2. The psicophiscial aproach: measure between S-P and the phisiological aproach measure S-PH process and PHprocess-perception

psicophisical: reaction time tow and the other one brain act

phisological: brain activity we measure

Question 10

measuring perception

descrimination/detection

Answer 10

• When the intensity of the stimulus is quite small
• we use these two methods:Classical psychophysical methods and Theory of Signal Detection

Question 11

Classical psychophysical methods

Answer 11

Absolute threshold (Detection)
– Smallest detectable stimulus intensity / Stimulus intensity that is detected
on 50% of the trials
* Difference threshold (Discrimination)
– Smallest detectable change (from a given level) in perception / the change
or difference that is detected on 50% of the trials

Question 12

psichopsical methods

absolut threshold we have 3 methods

Answer 12

1. Method of limits: experimenter presents the stimulus from high intensity to low intensity
2. Method adjustment: experimneter constanly modifies the intensity of the stimuli. Its calculated through an averageFASTER
3. Method of K stimuli: experimenter presents 5 to 9 stimuli of diffrent intensities in random order. Detection is 50% MOST ACCURATE

Question 13

siganal detection

Answer 13

• it focus on sensitivity
• Detection tasks are considered decision tasks:? Because the SIGNAL is hard to be detected and also there
  is continuous NOISE (external and internal noise); the signal
  does not always occur, but the noise is always present, so we
  can confound signal and noise

Question 14

measuring perception

Discrimination

Answer 14

Just noticeable difference

can be measured psycophisical methods or norming a stimulus reference

Question 15

measuring perception:

Answer 15

1. description
2. recognition
3. detection
4. search