Chap 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Define Impairement
it is the lack of anatomic, physiological or psychological structure or function or deviation of a person. It could refer to the absence of particular body part/organ or the body can exist but doesn’t
function.
what are the reasons that the full inclusion of people with impairments in society can be inhibited by?
- Attitudinal : social barriers
- Physical Barriers: environmental barriers
- policy barriers : systemic barriers
how does the medical approach define disability ?
Disability means functional limitations due to physical, intellectual or psychic impairment.
how does the medical approach view people with impairments?
This definition has given rise to the idea that people are individual objects to be treated or improved and made normal. this definition views disabled people as needing to fit in rather thinking about how society itself should change.
what is the social definition of disability ?
Disability is highly varied and complex condition with a range of implications for social identity and behavior. it is highly dependent on the context and is a consequence of discrimination, prejudice and exclusion. it emphasizes the shortcomings in the environment and in many organized activities in society which prevents people with disabilities from participating on equal terms.
what are the causes of disability ?
- genetic causes
- environmental
- unknown causes
- inaccessible environments
what is a specific learning disability ?
it refers to a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen , think speak read write spell or to do mathematical calculations.
what is auditory processing disorder?
this condition affects how sound that travels unhindered through the ear is processed by the brain.
what is Dyscalculia
it is a specific learning disability that affects a person’s ability to understand numbers and learn math. the individual can struggle with memorizing and organizing numbers, have difficulty telling time or have trouble with counting
what is dysgraphia ?
it is a specific learning disability that affects a person’s handwriting ability and fine motor skills
what is dyslexia ?
it is a specific learning disability that affects reading and related language based processing skills
what is language processing disorder ?
it is a specific type of auditory processing disorder in which there is difficulty attaching meaning to sound groups that form words, sentences and stories.
what is a non-verbal learning disabilities?
An individual has trouble interpreting non-verbal cues like facial expressions or body language and they have poor coordination.
what is a visual perceptual/ visual motor deficit ?
it is a disorder that affects the understanding of information that a person sees or the ability to draw or copy.
define omissions
deficit in speech where some sounds are left out. ex: bo for boat
define substitutions
deficit in speech where a sound is replaced by another ex: wabbit for rabbit
define distortions
deficit in speech where a sound is distorted ex: shlip for sip
define stuttering
it is ra[id repetitions of consonant or vowel sounds especially at the beginning of words, prolongations, hesitations, interjections and complete verbal blocks.
define cluttering
it is excessively fast and jerky speech
what are phonological disorder ?
they are defined as the abnormal organization of the phonological system or a significant deficit in speech production or perception.
what are morphological disorders ?
they are defined as difficulties with understanding of how words can be broken down into smaller units of meaning such as roots, prefixes, and suffixes. nouns, verbs, adjectives.
what are semantic disorders?
they are characterized by poor vocabulary development, inappropriate use of word meanings and/or inability to comprehend word meanings.
what are syntactic deficits ?
they are characterized by difficulty in acquiring the rules that govern word order and others aspects of grammar such as subject-verb agreement.
what are pragmatic difficulties?
they are characterized as problems in understanding and using language in different social contexts. eye contact rule , personal space etc
