CHAP 1

Question 1

a psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected

Answer 1

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER

Question 2

refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioural functioning

Answer 2

PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION

Question 3

this criterion is satisfied if the individual is extremely upset

Answer 3

DISTRESS

Question 4

one’s functioning is considered as impaired if it hindres and obstructs one’s life extremely

Answer 4

IMPAIRMENT

Question 5

used the shorthand definition of HARMFUL DYSFUNCTION — a concept that is also useful to determine whether the behaviour is out of the individual’s control

Answer 5

JEROME WAKEFIELD

Question 6

meaning of DSM

Answer 6

DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS

Question 7

scientific study of psychological disorder

Answer 7

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Question 8

refers to the unique combination of behaviours, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder

Answer 8

CLINICAL DESCRIPTION

Question 9

set of problems a patient has and the reason why they went to the clinic

Answer 9

PRESENTING PROBLEM

Question 10

how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder

Answer 10

PREVALENCE

Question 11

how many new cases occur during a given period

Answer 11

INCIDENCE

Question 12

means that a disorder follows an individual pattern

Answer 12

COURSE

Question 13

tend to last a long time, sometimes a lifetime

Answer 13

CHRONIC COURSE

Question 14

likely to recover but there is a recurrence at a later time

Answer 14

EPISODIC COURSE

Question 15

the disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period with little or no risk of recurrence

Answer 15

TIME-LIMITED COURSE

Question 16

they begin suddenly

Answer 16

ACUTE ONSET

Question 17

develop gradually over an extended period of time

Answer 17

INSIDIOUS ONSET

Question 18

the anticipated course of a disorder

Answer 18

PROGNOSIS

Question 19

the individual will recover

Answer 19

prognosis is good

Question 20

probable outcome doesn’t look good

Answer 20

prognosis is guarded

Question 21

the study of origins; has to do with why a disorder begins

Answer 21

ETIOLOGY

Question 22

is important to the study of psychological disorders

Answer 22

TREATMENT

Question 23

suggested that the disease of melancholy was the source of some bizarre behavior

Answer 23

NICHOLAS ORESME

Question 24

suggested that movements of stars and moon had profound effects on peopel’s psychological functioning

Answer 24

PARACELSUS

Question 25

father of modern western medicine

Answer 25

HIPPOCRATES

Question 26

believed that psychological disorders might also be caused by brain pathology or head trauma and could be influenced by heredity

Answer 26

HIPPOCRATES

Question 27

normal brain functioning was related to four bodily fluids or humors

Answer 27

HUMORAL THEORY

Question 28

BLOOD = BLACK BILE = YELLOW BILE = PHLEGM =

Answer 28

HEART SPLEEN LIVER BRAIN

Question 29

blood, red, hot and wet ruddy in complexion, cheerful and optimistic excessive blood: insomnia and delirium

Answer 29

SANGUINE

Question 30

black bile; cold and dry depressive depression was thought to be caused by black bile flooding the brain

Answer 30

MELANCHOLIC

Question 31

yellow bile; hot and dry hot tempered

Answer 31

CHOLERIC

Question 32

phlegm; cold and wet, white apathy and sluggishness, calm under stress

Answer 32

PHLEGMATIC

Question 33

a somatic symptom disorder, in which the physical symptoms appear to be a result of a medical problem for which no physical cause can be found

Answer 33

HYSTERIA

Question 34

an STD caused by a bacterial microorganisms entering the brain and includes delusion of persecution and delusions of grandeur, and other bizarre behavior

Answer 34

SYPHILIS

Question 35

a condition in which psychotic patients deteriorated stardily, becoming paralyzed and dying within 5 years of onset

Answer 35

GENERAL PARESIS

Question 36

he facilitated the identification of the specific bacterial microorganisms that caused SYPHILIS

Answer 36

LOUIS PASTEUR

Question 37

mentally ill patients should be treated as physically ill

Answer 37

JOHN P GREY

Question 38

used higher dosages of insulin until patients convulsed and became temporary comatose

Answer 38

MANFRED SAKEL (INSULIN SHOCK THERAPY)

Question 39

was abondened because it was too dangerous, often resulting to prolonged coma or even death

Answer 39

INSULIN SHOCK THERAPY

Question 40

another method of producing convulsions discovered by Benjamin Franklin

Answer 40

ELECTRIC SHOCK

Question 41

onlbserved that schizophrenia was rarely found in individuals with epilepsy (disproved though)

Answer 41

Josepf Von Meduna

Question 42

for hallucinations and delusions, as well as agitation amd aggressiveness

Answer 42

RESERPINE (RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINE) & NEUROLEPTICS

Question 43

to reduce anxiety

Answer 43

BENZODIAZEPINES

Question 44

precursor of psychosocial treatment

Answer 44

PLATO

Question 45

treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible in a setting that encouraged and reinforced normal social interaction, thus providing them with many opportunities for appropriate social and interpersonal contact

Answer 45

MORAL THERAPY

Question 46

campaigned endlessly for reform in the treatment of insanity and to improve the standards of care

Answer 46

DOROTHEA DIX

Question 47

MENTAL HYGIENE MOVEMENT

Answer 47

DOROTHEA DIX

Question 48

suggested that the problems of his patients were caused by undetectable fluid found in all living organisms called ANIMAL MAGNETISM which could become blocked

Answer 48

FRANZ ANTON MESMER

Question 49

Father of hypnosis

Answer 49

ANTON FRANZ MESMER

Question 50

demonstrated that some techniques of mesmerism were effective with a number of psychological disorders, and he diduch to legitimise the fledgling practice of hypnosis

Answer 50

JEAN-MARTIN CHARCOT

Question 51

first proponent of ego psychology

Answer 51

ANNA FREUD

Question 52

focused on a theory of the formations of self-concept and the crucial attributes of the self that allow an individual to progress toward health or to develop neurons

Answer 52

HEINZ KOHUT

Question 53

the study of how children incorporate the images, the memories, and the values of a person who was important to them and to whom they were emotionally attached with

Answer 53

OBJECT RELATIONS

Question 54

collective unconscious

Answer 54

CARL JUNG

Question 55

feelings if inferiority and striving for superiority/ success

Answer 55

ALFRED ADLER

Question 56

Person-Centered Therapy

Answer 56

CARL ROGERS

Question 57

a student of Watson's that thought if fear can be learned then it could also be unlearned or extinguished

Answer 57

MARY COVER JONES

Question 58

individuals were gradually introduced to the feared objects or situations so that their fear could extinguished

Answer 58

SYSTEMATIC DESENTIZATION

Question 59

4 D'S OF ABNORMALITIES

Answer 59

DEVIANCE, DISTRESS, DYSFUNCTION, DANGER