Chap 1

Question 1

Adjustment

Answer 1

Psychological process of people managing/coping with demands and changes of every day life (like adaptations in animals)

Question 2

Point 1 - time saving devices

Answer 2

Counterpoint - People complain about not having enough time

Question 3

Point - increased life choices

Answer 3

Counter point - choice overload which leads to post decisions regret/ depression and anxiety levels have gone up

Question 4

Point - technology has increased control of the world around us

Answer 4

Counterpoint - modern tech has had negative impact on the environment

Question 5

Point - technology has increased control of the world around us

Answer 5

Counterpoint - modern tech has had negative impact on the environment

Question 6

Paradox of progress

Answer 6

Technology advancement has not led to noticeable improvements to health and happiness

Question 7

Basic challenge of modern life

Answer 7

The search for meaning and sense of direction

Question 8

Flawed choices for seeking guidance

Answer 8

• joining cults (simple solution to complex problems)
• enroll in self realisation program scientology
• popularity of media figures e.g Dr luara

Question 9

Not flawed choice for seeking guidance

Answer 9

• inner desire to spend time with loved ones

Question 10

Self-help books shortcomings

Answer 10

• psychobable (you have to get in touch w/ yourself)
• emphasis on sales than scientific soundness (loose 30kg in a week)
• don’t provide explicit directions on how to change behaviour (only gives out common sense advice)
• encourage narcissistism (you have to look out for you)

Question 11

Psychobable

Answer 11

Hip vague language it’s ill-defined at best and meaningless at worst

Question 12

Narcissism

Answer 12

Personality trait makes by inflated sense of importance, need for attention, and tendency to exploit others

Question 13

What should be in self help book

Answer 13

• clarity in communication
• some mention of authors’ credentials and expertise
• some mention of research or theoretical basis that underlines the advice they give
• detailed explicit directions on how to alter behaviour
• books should not promise too much
• books should focus on one problem

Question 14

Behaviour

Answer 14

An observable response/activity by an organism

Question 15

Psychology (science)

Answer 15

Studies behaviour and psychological/mental processes that underlines it

Question 16

Empiricism

Answer 16

The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation

Question 17

advantages to scientific apporach

Answer 17

• Clarity and precision
• relative intolerance or error

Question 18

Empirical technique examples

Answer 18

measuring the speed with which a patient performs a fine motor activity

observing children playing at recess and writing down every type of bullying observed as they play

weighing rats after the rats have been on a special diet for two months

Question 19

Two types of research methods

Answer 19

• Experimental
• correlational

Question 20

Experimental

Answer 20

Looking for cause and effect
How X affects Y

Question 21

Independent variable (X)

Answer 21

The condition or event that changes

Question 22

dependent variable (Y)

Answer 22

affected by independent variable

Question 23

experimental groups

Answer 23

subjects who receive special treatment in regards to independent variable

Question 24

control group

Answer 24

have normal conditions no special treatment (no change)

Question 25

Advantage of Experiments

Answer 25

draw cause and affect conclusions

Question 26

Disadvantage of experiments

Answer 26

some effects of variables that cannot be manipulated (as independent variables) because of ethical concerns

Question 27

Correlational

Answer 27

Looking for relationships researchers cannot manipulate any of the variables that they're interested in.

Question 28

correlation coefficient

Answer 28

Numerical index of degrees of relationship that exists between two variables -1 to 0 negative 0 to +1 positive closer to 1, the stronger the relationship regardless of neg and pos

Question 29

positive Correlation

Answer 29

Two variables co-vary in the same direction --> -->

Question 30

negative correlation

Answer 30

Two variables co-vary in opposite directions --> <--

Question 31

Naturalistic observation

Answer 31

careful observation of behavior w/o intervention

Question 32

case study

Answer 32

In-depth investigation of individual subject (generally not empirical)

Question 33

Surveys

Answer 33

Structured questionaires designed to solicit info

Question 34

Advantage correlation

Answer 34

explore questions that they could not examine with experimental procedures

Question 35

disadvantage correlation

Answer 35

cannot demonstrate conclusively that two variables are causally related. a third variable could have cause both

Question 36

Subjective well-being

Answer 36

personal assessment of individual happiness/life satisfaction

Question 37

Not important to happiness

Answer 37

- Money - Age - Parenthood - Gender - Intelligence - Atractiveness

Question 38

Somewhat important for happiness

Answer 38

- Health - Social activity - Relgion - Culture

Question 39

Very important

Answer 39

- Love/relationship satisfaction - Work - Genetics/ personality

Question 40

best predictor of individuals' future happiness

Answer 40

Past happiness

Question 41

Religion - happiness (note)

Answer 41

In poorer societies where circumstances are difficult and stressful, people with heartfelt religious convictions are happier than people who are non-religious. In affluent societies where circumstances are less threatening, religious people are neither more happy nor less happy than people who are non-religious. Religion seems to help people who live with adversity feel happier, but religion may not be as much of an important factor when it comes to the overall happiness of people who live in a society where adversity is low.

Question 42

affective forecasting

Answer 42

efforts to predict one’s emotional reactions to future events

Question 43

hedonic adaptation

Answer 43

(Raising the bar) mental scale that is used to judge happiness shifts

Question 44

hedonic

Answer 44

related to pleasure

Question 45

Study habits

Answer 45

Set up schedule for studying Find an area where you can concentrate Reward your studying

Question 46

Improve reading

Answer 46

Highlighting if focusing on the main ideas read than practice recall

Question 47

Get more out of lectures

Answer 47

- use active listening - read ahead - write lecture notes in own words - look for (non)subtle cluesabout what is considered important - ask questions

Question 48

Intimacy deficit

Answer 48

Traditional sources of emotional security community has change spend more time with tech than people

Question 49

Overlearning

Answer 49

Continued rehearsals after mastering

Question 50

Overlearning

Answer 50

Continued rehearsals after mastering

Question 51

Memory principles

Answer 51

- practice (overlearning) - distribute studying (don't cram) - organise info outline important parts - go over material in depth - mnemonic devices

Question 52

Negative affects or cramming

Answer 52

strain your memorization capabilities, can tax your energy level, and may stoke the fires of test anxiety.

Question 53

Mnemonic device

Answer 53

- Acronyms - link method - method of loci