Chap 1

Question 1

What are the 4 goals of psychology

Answer 1

Describe, Predict, explain, control or influence

Question 2

What were 3 things the early psychologists debated

Answer 2

What is the proper subject matter of psychology,
What method should be used to investigate psychology issues, should psychological findings be used to investigate psychological studies

Question 3

Studied sleep, dreams, the senses and memory.

Greek

Answer 3

Aristotle

Question 4

French philosopher proposed interactive dualism.

Answer 4

Rene cartes

Question 5

What is iinteractive dualism?

Answer 5

A theory that claims the mind and body are separate entities that interact to produce sensations and emotions

Question 6

What is the nature nurture debate?

Answer 6

Asks wether the nature of a person is more important than how someone was raised

Question 7

Father of psychology, measured reaction time to visual and auditory stimuli

Answer 7

Wilhelm wundt

Question 8

How did Wilhelm Wundt describe psychology

Answer 8

The study of consciousness and emphasized the use of experimental methods

Question 9

A student of wundts, developed structuralism and introspection

Answer 9

Edward B Titchener

Question 10

What is structuralism?

Answer 10

A theory that claims complex experiences can be broken down into structures of sensations and feelings

Question 11

What is introspection?

Answer 11

Using your senses to describe how you react to a certain stimulus

Question 12

Why was structuralism criticized

Answer 12

It relied on introspection too much

Question 13

Evolutionist who created functionalism

Answer 13

William James

Question 14

What is functionalism?

Answer 14

Emphasizes importance of how behavior allows humans and animals to adapt to their environment

Question 15

Founded the American psychological Association. First ph.d of psychology. Created first psychology research laboratory. student of William james

Answer 15

G. Stanley Hall

Question 16

Was never awarded ph. D even though she did the work. Conducted research in dreams, personality, and memory. First woman pres. of the American Psychology Association. Student of William James

Answer 16

Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 17

Student of Edward Titchner, first woman to get a ph. D in psychology Studied animals. Student of William James

Answer 17

Margaret Floyd Washburn

Question 18

First African American to recieve ph. D in psychology. Chaired department at Howard University, student of G. Stanley Hall

Answer 18

Francis C Sumner

Question 19

Did research on the negative effects of discrimination that was used by the Supreme Court in a decision and segregation. Student of Francis C. Sumner

Answer 19

Kenneth Bancroft Clark

Question 19

Did research on the negative effects of discrimination that was used by the Supreme Court in a decision and segregation. Student of Francis C. Sumner. Became first African-American pres. Of the American Psychology Association

Answer 19

Kenneth Bancroft Clark

Question 20

Created Psychoanalysis, nuerologist, studied the unconscious.

Answer 20

Sigmund Freud

Question 21

Three leaders of behaviorism

Answer 21

John b. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov.

Question 22

Type of psychology that Rejected structionalism, functionalism, and many Freudian concepts. Studied overt behavior. Many animal studies

Answer 22

Behaviorism

Question 23

Thought of as third force of psychology Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were leaders of this

Answer 23

Humanistic psychology

Question 23

Thought of as third force of psychology Carl Rogers and Abraham Marlow were leaders of this

Answer 23

Humanistic psychology

Question 24

Thought of as third force of psychology Carl Rogers and Abraham Marlow were leaders of this

Answer 24

Humanistic psychology

Question 25

Created humanistic psychology, emphasized consciousness, free will, determination, and choice. saw behavior as shaped by external concepts.

Answer 25

Carl Rogers

Question 26

What are the different perspectives of psychology?

Answer 26

Biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, positive psychology, cognitive, cross-cultural, evolutionary

Question 27

A perspective that takes into consideration the endocrine system and nervous system.

Answer 27

Biological

Question 28

A perspective that takes into consideration unconscious influences, early life experiences and interpersonal relationships

Answer 28

Psychodynamic

Question 29

A perspective that takes into consideration how behavior is aquired or changed by the environment

Answer 29

Behavioral

Question 30

A perspective that takes into consideration choice and self-direction to reach one's potential

Answer 30

Humanistic

Question 31

A perspective that takes into consideration positive emotion and physiological states.

Answer 31

Positive psychology

Question 32

Topics of positive psychology

Answer 32

Personal happiness, optimism, creativity, resilience, character strength, and wisdom.

Question 33

A perspective that takes into consideration mental processes in how people process and remember information, developed language, solve problems and think

Answer 33

Cognitive

Question 34

A perspective that takes into consideration how culture effects behavior

Answer 34

Cross-cultural

Question 35

When you work harder in a group that is called

Answer 35

Social striving

Question 36

When you work harder as an individual than in a group that is called

Answer 36

Social loafing

Question 37

A perspective that takes into consideration evolution

Answer 37

Evolutionary

Question 38

What type of psychology looks at the causes, diagnosis, treatment, amd prevention of psychological disorders.

Answer 38

Clincal psychology

Question 39

Type of psychology that focuses on helping ppl adjust, adapt and cope with personal and interpersonal challenges; improving well being, alleviating distress and maladjustment, and resolving crisis

Answer 39

Counseling psychology

Question 40

Type of psychology that applies psychology to methods of learning

Answer 40

Educational psychology

Question 41

Type of psychology that focuses on the basic psychological processes: sensation, perception, principles of learning, emotions, and motivation

Answer 41

Experimental learning

Question 42

Type of psychology that focuses on the psychological factors in development, prevention and treatment of illness.

Answer 42

Health psychology

Question 43

Type of psychology that focuses on relationships of people and work

Answer 43

Industrial/organisational psychology

Question 44

Type of psychology that examines the nature of human personality

Answer 44

Personality psychology

Question 45

Psychology that focuses on how a person's thoughts, feelings and behavior are effected by the environment.

Answer 45

Social psychology

Question 46

Psychology that applies psychology to primary and secondary school

Answer 46

School psychology

Question 47

Types of thing applied psychology looks at

Answer 47

Sports, media, forensics, rehabilitation, and the military

Question 48

Steps of the scientific method

Answer 48

Formulate hypothesis, collect data, analyze data to for conclusions, report results

Question 49

Evidence that is the result of objective observation, measurement and experiments

Answer 49

Empirical evidence

Question 50

Something that defines how a variable can be measured, changed or manipulated

Answer 50

Operational Definition

Question 51

What are the two types of research

Answer 51

Descriptive and experimental

Question 52

Includes research strategies for observing and describing behavior, answers who what when and where

Answer 52

Descriptive behavior

Question 53

Research that shows that one variable changes another one

Answer 53

Experimental research

Question 54

Analyzing several studies into one

Answer 54

Meta-analysis

Question 55

Seeking evidence that supports your theory and ignores contrary evidence

Answer 55

Confirmation biasf

Question 56

A sample that represents a larger demographic

Answer 56

Representative sample

Question 57

A study that shows how tow variables relate to eachother

Answer 57

Correlational study

Question 58

Numerical indicator that shows the strength of a correlation between two variablea

Answer 58

Correlation coefficient

Question 59

Correlation where variables differ moving in the same direction

Answer 59

Positive correlation

Question 60

When to variables travel in the opposite direction

Answer 60

Negative correlation

Question 61

Research that tests for cause and effect

Answer 61

Experimental research

Question 62

Variable that you manipulate to see a change in the results

Answer 62

Independent variable

Question 63

Variable that is observed for change sometimes caused by the independent variable

Answer 63

Dependent variable

Question 64

Variable that is not being studied that can effect the results

Answer 64

Confounding variable

Question 65

Assigning participants in a study so that any one of them could be effected by the conditions of the study

Answer 65

Random assignment

Question 66

The group of an experiment that is exposed to the conditions but not the independent variable

Answer 66

Control group

Question 67

When a group in an experiment is exposed to the cconditions and the independent variables

Answer 67

Experimental group

Question 68

Shows that testing is more effective than studying

Answer 68

The testing effect

Question 69

When neither the researchers or participants are aware of the condition or group they have been assigned to

Answer 69

Double blind technique

Question 70

Cue or signal to communicate the expected reaction in a study

Answer 70

Demand characteristic

Question 71

Research that investigates naturally occurring events

Answer 71

Natural experiment

Question 72

What are the 5 key guidelines that the American Psychology Association has to follow

Answer 72

Informed consent, Students as research participants must be given alternative for credit, don't use deception unless there is no alternative or when the research justifies it deception, confidentiality, all participants must be allowed to see the outcome.

Question 73

Animal psychology

Answer 73

Comparative psychology