chap 1 and 2

Question 1

They are expected to perform a variety of tasks depending on their specialization and job level

Answer 1

Engineers

Question 2

the stone bladed axe which was a very useful tool; and the irrigation system used to promote crop growing

Answer 2

6000 to 3000 B.C

Question 3

the pyramids of Egypt

Answer 3

3000 to 600 B.C

Question 4

road building by the Romans

Answer 4

600 B.C. to A.D.
400

Question 4

the production of paper and gunpowder by the
Chinese

Answer 4

100 A.D. to 1600 A.D

Question 5

the production of steam engine and the spinning and weaving machinery

Answer 5

1601 A.D. to 1799
A.D.

Question 6

where the engineer is engaged in the process of learning about nature and codifying this knowledge into usable theories.

Answer 6

Research

Question 7

where the engineer undertakes the activity of turning a product concept to a finished physical item.

Answer 7

Design and development

Question 8

where the engineer works in a unit where new products or parts are tested for work. ability.

Answer 8

Testing

Question 9

where the engineer is directly in charge of production personnel or assumes responsibility for the product.

Answer 9

Manufacturing

Question 9

this is where the construction engineer (a civil engineer) is either directly in charge of the construction personnel or may have responsibility for the quality of the construction process.

Answer 9

Construction

Question 10

where the engineer assists the company’s customers to meet their needs, especially those that require technical expertise.

Answer 10

Sales

Question 11

where the engineer works as consultant of any individual or organization requiring his services.

Answer 11

Consulting

Question 12

where the engineer gets employment in a school and is assigned as a teacher of engineering courses. Some of them later become deans, vice presidents, and presidents.

Answer 12

Teaching

Question 12

where the engineer is assigned to manage groups of people performing specific tasks.

Answer 12

Management

Question 12

where the engineer may find employment in the government performing any of the various task in regulating, monitoring, and controlling the activities of various institutions, public or private

Answer 12

Government

Question 13

those with minimal engineering jobs like retailing firms.

Answer 13

Level One

Question 13

From the viewpoint of the engineer, organizations may be classified according to the degree of engineering jobs performed:

Answer 13

• Level one
  -Level two
  -Level three

Question 14

those with a moderate degree of engineering jobs like transportation companies

Answer 14

Level Two

Question 15

those with a high degree of engineering jobs like construction firms.

Answer 15

Level Three

Question 16

In level two firms, the engineer may be assigned to _____. The need for management skills will now be felt by the engineer manager.

Answer 16

head the engineering division

Question 17

Management is a process consisting of

Answer 17

planning. organizing, directing (or leading), and controlling.

Question 17

the engineer will have a _____ of becoming the general manager or president of level one, unless of course, he owns the firm.

Answer 17

slim chance

Question 18

Level three firms provide the biggest opportunity for an engineer to become the _______.

Answer 18

president or general manager

Question 19

refers to the activity combining *technical knowledge with the ability to organize and coordinate worker power, materials, machinery, and money."

Answer 19

Engineering management

Question 20

may be defined as the "creative problem solving-process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling an organization's resources to achieve its mission and objectives."

Answer 20

Management

Question 21

Depending on the type of products or services a firm produces, the engineer manager must have the following qualifications:

Answer 21

1. a bachelor's degree in engineering from a reputable school; In some cases, a master's degree in engineering or business management is required; 2. a few years experience in a pure engineering job; 3. training in supervision; 4. special training in engineering management.

Question 22

refers to the capacity of an engineer manager to achieve organizational objectives effectively and efficiently.

Answer 22

Managerial ability

Question 22

Kreitner indicates at least three general preconditions for achieving lasting success as a manager. They are as follows:

Answer 22

1. ability 2. motivation to manage, and 3. opportunity

Question 23

according to _____, refers to a description of "whether objectives are accomplished"

Answer 23

Effectiveness, Higgins

Question 24

Many people have the desire to work and finish specific tasks assigned by superiors, but not many are motivated to manage other people so that they may contribute to the realization of the organization's objectives.

Answer 24

Motivation to Manage

Question 24

is a description of the relative amount of resources used in obtaining effectiveness.

Answer 24

efficiency

Question 24

Successful managers become possible only if those having the ability and motivation are given the ____ to manage

Answer 24

opportunity

Question 25

______ must be made at various levels in the workplace. They are also made at the various stages in the management process.

Answer 25

Decisions

Question 26

The opportunity for successful management has two requirements:

Answer 26

1. Obtaining a suitable managerial job, and 2. Finding a supportive climate once on the job.

Question 27

is a responsibility of the engineer manager. It is understandable for managers to make wrong decisions at times.

Answer 27

Decision-making

Question 28

according to Nickels and others, "is the heart of all the management functions.”

Answer 28

Decision-making

Question 29

engineer manager must adapt a certain procedure designed to determine the best option available to solve certain problems

Answer 29

Decision-making

Question 29

may be defined as "the process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action in a manner appropriate to the demands of the situation."

Answer 29

Decision-making

Question 30

Rational decision-making, according to David H. Holt,” is a process involving the following steps”:

Answer 30

1. diagnose. problem 2. analyze environment 3. articulate problem or opportunity 4. develop viable alternatives 5. evaluate alternatives 6. make a choice 7. implement decision 8. evaluate and adapt decision results

Question 31

If a manager wants to make an intelligent decision, his first move must be to ______

Answer 31

identify the problem

Question 32

A ______ exists when there is a difference between an actual situation and a desired situation."

Answer 32

problem

Question 33

The environment where the organization is situated plays a very significant role in the success or failure of such an organization.

Answer 33

Analyze the Environment

Question 34

The environment consists of two major concerns:

Answer 34

1. internal and 2. external.

Question 34

environment that refers to organizational activities within a firm that surrounds decision-making.°

Answer 34

internal environment

Question 35

environment that refers to variables that are outside the organization and not typically within the short-run control of top management.

Answer 35

external environment

Question 36

INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ASPECTS

Answer 36

Organizational aspect Marketing aspect Personnel aspect Production aspect Financial aspect

Question 37

like recruitment practices, incentive system, etc.

Answer 37

Personnel aspect

Question 37

like org, structure, policies, procedures, rules, ability of management etc.

Answer 37

Organizational aspect

Question 38

like product strategy, promotion strategy, etc.

Answer 38

Marketing aspect

Question 39

like plant facility, layout, inventory control, etc.

Answer 39

Production aspect

Question 40

like liquidity, profitability, etc.

Answer 40

Financial aspect

Question 41

Oftentimes, problems may be solved by any of the solutions offered.

Answer 41

Develop Viable Alternatives

Question 42

The best among the alternative solutions must be considered by management. This is made possible by using a procedure with the following steps:

Answer 42

1. Prepare a list of alternative solutions. 2. Determine the viability of each solutions. 3. Revise the list by striking out those which are not viable.

Question 43

After determining the viability of the alternatives and a revised list has been made, an ______ of the remaining alternatives is necessary.

Answer 43

evaluation

Question 44

After the alternatives have been evaluated, the decision-maker must now be ready to _____

Answer 44

make a choice

Question 44

______ suggests that "each alternative must be analyzed and evaluated in terms of its value, cost, and risk characteristics."

Answer 44

Souder

Question 45

refers to the process of selecting among alternatives representing potential solutions to a problem."

Answer 45

Choice-making

Question 46

_______ advises that" particular effort should be made to identify all significant consequences of each choice"

Answer 46

Webber

Question 47

After a decision has been made, _______. This is necessary, or decision-making will be an exercise in futility.

Answer 47

implementation follows

Question 48

refers to carrying out the decision so that the objectives sought will be achieved. To make implementation effective, a plan must be devised.

Answer 48

Implementation

Question 49

In implementing the decision, the results expected may or may not happen. It is, therefore, important for the manager to use control and feedback mechanisms to ensure results and to provide information for future decisions.

Answer 49

Evaluate and Adapt Decision Results

Question 50

refers to the process which requires checking at each stage of the process to assure that the alternatives generated, the criteria used in evaluation, and the solution selected for implementation are in keeping with the goals and objectives originally specified.

Answer 50

Feedback

Question 51

refers to actions made to ensure that activities performed match the desired activities or goals, that have been set

Answer 51

Control

Question 52

This term refers to evaluation of alternatives using intuition and subjective judgment.

Answer 52

Qualitative Evaluation

Question 53

This term refers to the evaluation of alternatives using any technique in a group classified as rational and analytical.

Answer 53

Quantitative evaluation.

Question 54

Stevenson states that managers tend to use the qualitative approach when:

Answer 54

1. The problem is fairly simple 2. The problem is familiar. 3. The costs involved are not great. I low cost 4. Immediate decisions are needed.

Question 55

The types of quantitative techniques which may be useful in decision-making are as follows:

Answer 55

1. inventory models 2. queuing theory 3. network models 4. forecasting 5. regression analysis 6. simulation 7. linear programming 8. sampling theory 9. statistical decision theory

Question 55

models consist of several types all designed to help the engineer manager make decisions regarding inventory.

Answer 55

Inventory models

Question 56

Inventory models consist of several types all designed to help the engineer manager make decisions regarding inventory. They are as follows:

Answer 56

Economic order quantity model production order quantity model back order inventory model quantity discount model

Question 57

this one is used to calculate the number of items that should be ordered at one time to minimize the total yearly cost of placing orders and carrying the items in inventory

Answer 57

Economic order quantity model

Question 58

this is an economic order quantity technique applied to production orders.

Answer 58

Production order quantity model

Question 59

an inventory model used to minimize the total cost when quantity discounts are offered by suppliers.

Answer 59

Quantity discount model

Question 59

this is an inventory model used for planned shortages.

Answer 59

Back order inventory model

Question 60

is one that describes how to determine the number of service units that will minimize both customer waiting time and cost of service.

Answer 60

Queuing Theory

Question 61

These are models where large complex tasks are broken into smaller segments that can be managed independently

Answer 61

Network Models

Question 62

The two most prominent network models are

Answer 62

1. The Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) 2. The Critical Path Method (CPM)

Question 63

this is a network technique using only one time factor per activity that enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects

Answer 63

The Critical Path Method (CPM)

Question 63

a technique which enables engineer managers to schedule, monitor, and control large and complex projects by employing three time estimates for each activity.

Answer 63

The Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

Question 64

There are instances when engineer managers make decisions that will have implications in the future

Answer 64

Forecasting

Question 65

is a forecasting method that examines the association between two or more variables It uses data from previous periods to predict future events

Answer 65

The regression model

Question 65

_________ may be simple or multiple depending on the number of independent variables present.

Answer 65

Regression analysis

Question 66

defined as "the collection of past and current information to make predictions about the future.

Answer 66

Forecasting

Question 67

is a model constructed to represent reality, on which conclusions about real-life problems can be used. It is a highly sophisticated tool by means of which the decision maker develops a mathematical model of the system under consideration.

Answer 67

Simulation

Question 68

The ______ selects the decision alternative having the maximum expected payoff, or the minimum expected loss if he is working with a loss table.

Answer 68

Bayes criterion

Question 68

is a quantitative technique that is used to produce an optimum solution within the bounds imposed by constraints upon the decision.

Answer 68

Linear Programming

Question 68

is very useful as a decision-making tool when supply and demand limitations at plants, warehouse, or market areas are constraints upon the system.

Answer 68

Linear Programming

Question 69

is a quantitative technique where samples of populations are statistically determined to be used for a number of processes, such as quality control and marketing research.

Answer 69

Sampling Theory

Question 70

refers to the "rational way to conceptualize, analyze, and solve problems in situations involving limited, or partial information about the decision environment."

Answer 70

Statistical Decision-Theory