Chap 1 (Databases and Database Users)

Question 1

What are the two types of database

Answer 1

Numeric
Textual

Question 2

A collection of related data.

Answer 2

Database

Question 3

Known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning

Answer 3

Data

Question 4

Some part of the real world about which data is stored in a database. For example, student grades and transcripts at a university.

Answer 4

Mini-world

Question 5

A software package/ system to facilitate the creation and maintenance of a computerized database

Answer 5

Database Management System (DBMS)

Question 6

The DBMS software together with the data itself. Sometimes, the applications are also included.

Answer 6

Database System:

Question 7

In the database system environment, application programs/queries are part of?

Answer 7

Database System

Question 8

In the database system environment, software to process queries/programs and software to access stored data are part of?

Answer 8

DBMS Software

Question 9

After the DBMS Software Process in the database system environment, where does stored database definition (meta-data_ and stored database belong to?

Answer 9

Database System

Question 10

What are the 4 DBMS Functionalities?

Answer 10

Define
Construct
Manipulate - Retrieval, Modification, Accessing
Processing and Sharing

Question 11

What are the application activities against a database?

Answer 11

Queries and Transactions

Question 12

Access different parts of data and formulate the result of a request

Answer 12

Queries

Question 13

may read some data and “update” certain values or generate new data and store that in the database

Answer 13

Transaction

Question 14

stores the description of a particular database (e.g. data structures, types, and constraints)

Answer 14

DBMS catalog

Question 15

the description of a particular database (e.g. data structures, types, and constraints)

Answer 15

meta-data

Question 16

Insulation between programs and data

Answer 16

Program-data interdependence

Question 17

Allows changing data structures and storage organization without having to change the DBMS access programs

Answer 17

program-data independence.

Question 18

3 Main Characteristics of the Database Approach

Answer 18

Data Abstraction
Support multiple views of data
Sharing of data and multi-user transaction processing

Question 19

In _____, A data model is used to hide storage details and present the users with a conceptual view of the database.

Answer 19

Data Abstraction

Question 20

In Data Abstraction, programs refer to the _________ rather than data storage details

Answer 20

data model constructs

Question 21

Each user may see a different view of the database, which describes only the data of interest to that user

Answer 21

multiple views of the data

Question 22

Allowing a set of concurrent users to retrieve from and to update the database

Answer 22

Sharing of data and multi-user transaction processing

Question 23

_________ within the DBMS guarantees that each transaction is correctly executed or aborted

Answer 23

Concurrency control

Question 24

__________ ensures each completed transaction has its effect permanently recorded in the database

Answer 24

Recovery subsystem

Question 25

_________ is a major part of database applications. This allows hundreds of concurrent transactions to execute per second.

Answer 25

OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)

Question 26

Database Users may be divided into?

Answer 26

Actors on the scene Workers behind the scene

Question 27

Types of actors on the scene

Answer 27

Database administrators Database Designers End-users System Analysts and Application Developers

Question 28

Responsible for authorizing access to the database, for coordinating and monitoring its use, acquiring software and hardware resources, controlling its use and monitoring efficiency of operations.

Answer 28

Database administrators

Question 29

Responsible to define the content, the structure, the constraints, and functions or transactions against the database. They must communicate with the end-users and understand their needs.

Answer 29

Database designers

Question 30

They use the data for queries, reports and some of them update the database content.

Answer 30

End-users

Question 31

Types of end-users

Answer 31

Casual Naive/Parametric Sophisticated Stand-alone

Question 32

access database occasionally when needed

Answer 32

Casual end-user

Question 33

they make up a large section of the end-user population.

Answer 33

Naive or Parametric

Question 34

Many use tools in the form of software packages that work closely with the stored database.

Answer 34

Sophisticated end-user

Question 35

Mostly maintain personal databases using ready-to-use packaged applications.

Answer 35

Stand-alone end-user

Question 36

This category currently accounts for a very large proportion of the IT work force.

Answer 36

System Analysts and Application Developers

Question 37

They understand the user requirements of naïve and sophisticated users and design applications including canned transactions to meet those requirements

Answer 37

System Analysts

Question 38

Implement the specifications developed by analysts and test and debug them before deployment.

Answer 38

Application Programmers

Question 39

There is an increasing need for such people who can analyze vast amounts of business data and real-time data (“Big Data”) for better decision making related to planning, advertising, marketing etc.

Answer 39

Business Analysts

Question 40

Types of Actors Behind the Scene

Answer 40

System Designers and Implementors Tool Developers Operators and Maintenance Personnel

Question 41

Design and implement DBMS packages in the form of modules and interfaces and test and debug them. The DBMS must interface with applications, language compilers, operating system components, etc.

Answer 41

System Designers and Implementors

Question 42

Design and implement software systems called tools for modeling and designing databases, performance monitoring, prototyping, test data generation, user interface creation, simulation etc. that facilitate building of applications and allow using database effectively

Answer 42

Tool Developers

Question 43

They manage the actual running and maintenance of the database system hardware and software environment.

Answer 43

Operators and Maintenance Personnel

Question 44

refer to data item names, display formats, screens, report structures, meta-data (description of data), Web page layouts, etc.

Answer 44

Standards

Question 45

The Hierarchical and Network Models were introduced in mid 1960s and dominated during the seventies

Answer 45

Early Database applications

Question 46

_______ was originally introduced in 1970, was heavily researched and experimented within IBM Research and several universities.

Answer 46

Relational Model

Question 47

________ were introduced in late 1980s and early 1990s to cater to the need of complex data processing in C A D and other applications.

Answer 47

Object-Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMS)

Question 48

Many relational D B M S s have incorporated object database concepts, leading to a new category called ______

Answer 48

object-relational DBMSs (ORDBMSs)

Question 49

____________ add further capabilities (e.g. for multimedia data, text, X M L, and other data types)

Answer 49

Extended relational systems

Question 50

When is a DBMS not necessary?

Answer 50

If database are simple and not expected to change Access to data by multiple not required

Question 51

When is DBMS may be infeasible

Answer 51

may not fit in available storage in embedded systems

Question 52

When no DBMS may suffive

Answer 52

if there are stringent real-time requirements Not able to handle complex data because of modeling limitations If special operations needed that isnt supported