Chap 1 - The Flowering Seed Plants

Question 1

Explain the origin of the word “biology.”

Answer 1

Greek Origin.
Root work BIOS means “life.”
Suffix -logy means the “science of” or “study of.”

Question 2

The three major Biology fields

Answer 2

Botany
Zoology
Human Anatomy & Physiology

Question 3

Why is Botany important? 3 reasons

Answer 3

1. ~2/3 of the food we eat is from plants. 1/3 is from animals that eat plants.
2. Science of Agriculture - ultimate food source, needed for survival, historical importance
3. Drugs, antibiotics are derived from plants. Medicinal relevance.
4. Products: lumber, paper, clothing.

Question 4

Biology

Answer 4

Study of Life

Question 5

Organism

Answer 5

Living Thing

Question 6

Habitat

Answer 6

Regions where particular organisms reside

Question 7

Botany

Answer 7

Study of Plants

Question 8

Zoology

Answer 8

Study of Animals

Question 9

Why are flowers important to plants?

Answer 9

They have reproductive cells that create embryos.

Question 10

Herb

Answer 10

Herbaceous plants have soft stems (nonwoody).

Question 11

Taproot System

Answer 11

Large primary root with smaller others branching out. Most common type.

Question 12

Fibrous Root System

Answer 12

Primary root is small and skinny. Many other small roots are untangled and shoot out in all directions.

Holds soil close and prevents erosion.

Question 13

Woody Plant

Answer 13

Live years and are composed of lots of wood.

Question 14

Tree

Answer 14

Largest plant. Woody with a single, tall erect stem.

Question 15

Shrub

Answer 15

Bush. Comprised of several woody stems close to the ground (stout).

Question 16

Vine

Answer 16

Woody or herbaceous. Cannot stand alone and grow along ground or wrapping around supports (fence, wall, post).

Question 17

What two types of flowers make up a composite flower?

Answer 17

Clustered Disk Flowers
and Showy Ray Flowers

• Sunflower Family

Question 18

Which is NOT a Plant Family?
Composite, Pecan, Mint, Parsley, Rose, Nightshade, Grass, Mustard, Lily, Cashew, Pea

Answer 18

Pecan

Question 19

List a couple plants from each family: Composite, Mint, Parsley, Rose, Nightshade, Grass, Mustard, Lily, Cashew, PEA

Answer 19

Answers Vary. Check your work.

Question 20

Would a pine tree be an annual, a biennial or a perennial?

Answer 20

Perennial

Question 21

What do ALL members of the Pea Fam have in common?

Answer 21

Pod-Like Fruits

Question 22

The Nitrogen Cycle and the Pea Family

Answer 22

Nitrogen-Fixing bacteria on their roots converts Nitrogen from the atmosphere into compounds with Oxygen called Nitrates

That can become protein

Question 23

What are 4 differences between monocots and dicots?
Name 3 examples of each type of plant.

Answer 23

Monocots:
1 cotyledon per seed
leaves in multiples of 3
narrow, long leave with a parallel vein pattern
Fibrous Root System
Amaryllis, Arum, Banana, Cattail, Grass, Iris, Lily, Orchid, Palm, Sedge

Dicots:
2 cotyledons per seed
leaves in multiple of 4 or 5
broad, flat leaves with branching veins
Taproot System
Nightshade, Mustard, Pineapple, Maple, Mint, Olive, Parsley, Elm, Holly, Magnolia, Beech, Birch, Cactus

Question 24

Name the 3 most important cereal crops.

Answer 24

Wheat, Corn, Rice

Question 25

Angiosperm

Answer 25

Flowering Seed Plants

Question 26

Annual

Answer 26

Plants that grow from a seed to seed-bearing within one growing season (up to 1yr)

Question 27

Biennial

Answer 27

Needs 2 growing seasons to complete their lifecycles. Usually harvested after 1yr. 1st year is mostly taproot growth (beets, cabbage, turnips, carrots).

Question 28

Perennials

Answer 28

Live from year to year and bloom each season.

Question 29

Legume

Answer 29

pod-like fruit that are members of the Pea Family and needed for the Nitrogen Cycle (enriching soil as they grow/die) Clovers, vetches, peas, alfalfa, beans

Question 30

Denitrifying Bacteria

Answer 30

In the soil - coverts unused nitrates into Nitrogen for the atmosphere

Question 31

Nitrifying Bacteria

Answer 31

Fix nitrogen from ammonia and nitrites to form nitrates

Question 32

Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria

Answer 32

Make nitrates from atmospheric nitrogen via the roots of legumes

Question 33

Cereals

Answer 33

Grass Family crops. Wheat, Rice, Corn, rye oats, barley

Question 34

Grass: Stolon

Answer 34

Creeping stem that grows above ground

Question 35

Grass: Sheath

Answer 35

Wraps partially around the stem at the leaf base

Question 36

Grass: Grains

Answer 36

Their fruit

Question 37

Monocot

Answer 37

Less common. Plants whose seeds contain one cotyledon each

Question 38

Dicot

Answer 38

Plants whose seeds contain 2 cotyledons each

Question 39

Cotyledon(s)

Answer 39

Stores food until the seed it's within starts to grow

Question 40

Forage Grasses

Answer 40

eaten by animals for protein

Question 41

Turf Grasses

Answer 41

cover lawns, golf courses, athletic fields

Question 42

Crown

Answer 42

a tree's bushy head formed by leaves

Question 43

Trunk

Answer 43

tree's main stem

Question 44

Catkins

Answer 44

flowers in disguise on trees tassel-like, long, clustered little flowers seen in Spring oaks, willow, cottonwoods, poplars, birches

Question 45

BroadLeaf Trees

Answer 45

have broad, flat leaves mostly angiosperms and dicots

Question 46

Hardwoods

Answer 46

All broadleaf trees Dense, hard wood

Question 47

Bract

Answer 47

modified leaves that resemble petals and surround flowers (on Dogwoods)

Question 48

What group of North American trees are known for their special fruits, samaras?

Answer 48

Maples

Question 49

Samara

Answer 49

A winged fruit found on maples

Question 50

What tree family includes oaks and chestnuts?

Answer 50

The Beech Fam

Question 51

Flowers do what?

Answer 51

Reproduction. They have reproductive cells that create embryos.

Question 52

Leaves do what?

Answer 52

Manufactures food via photosynthesis.

Question 53

Stems do what?

Answer 53

Support the plant/provide structure, transport substances, and STORE food!

Question 54

Roots do what?

Answer 54

Plant anchor. Absorbs water and minerals from soil. Stores food!

Question 55

Why is the Nitrogen Cycle important?

Answer 55

Keeps plants alive, which keeps animals alive, which keeps people alive.

Question 56

Deciduous Trees vs. Evergreen Trees

Answer 56

Evergreens have pine-like needles that stay attached regardless of weather. Deciduous trees are nakey in winter (leaves shed).