Chap 1 unit test

Question 1

member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place searching for food and water

Answer 1

nomad

Question 2

period in human history, beginning around 3000 B.C. in some areas, during which people began using bronze rather than copper or stone, to fashion tools and weapons

Answer 2

Bronze Age

Question 3

the development of skills in a particular kind of work, such as trading or record keeping

Answer 3

specialization

Question 4

prehistoric period that lasted from about 2,500,000 to 8000 B.C. during which people made use of crude stone tools and weapons; old Stone Age

Answer 4

Paleolithic age

Question 5

long lasting pattern of organization in a community

Answer 5

institution

Question 6

a form of trade in which people exchange goods and services without using money

Answer 6

barter

Question 7

one of the first professional record keepers in early civilizations

Answer 7

scribe

Question 8

skilled worker who makes goods by hand

Answer 8

artisan

Question 9

farming method in which people clear fields by cutting and burning trees and grasses, the ashes of which serve to fertilize the soil

Answer 9

slash-burning-farming

Question 10

period of time which people learned to polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops, and raise animals; new Stone Age

Answer 10

neolithic age

Question 11

the taming of animals for human use

Answer 11

domestication

Question 12

member of a biological group including human beings and related species that walk upright

Answer 12

hominid

Question 13

a tiered, pyramid shaped structure that formed part of a Sumerian temple

Answer 13

ziggurat

Question 14

member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plants

Answer 14

hunter gatherer

Question 15

a form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology

Answer 15

civilization

Question 16

biological species to which modern human beings belong

Answer 16

Homo sapiens

Question 17

a system of writing with wedge shaped symbols, invented by the Sumerians

Answer 17

cuneiform

Question 18

the way which people apply knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs

Answer 18

technology

Question 19

peoples unique way of life, as shown by its tools, customs, arts, and ideas

Answer 19

culture

Question 20

human made object, such as a tool, weapon, or a piece of jewelry

Answer 20

artifact

Question 21

According to Jared Diamond, what are the three major elements that separate the world’s “haves” from the “have nots”?

Answer 21

Guns germs and steels

Question 22

Diamond has developed a theory about what has caused these huge discrepancies among different countries, and he says it boils down to geographic luck. Give several examples from the film to support Diamond’s theory.

Answer 22

It was natural for westerners to have so much and new Guineans have so little.
Advance technology and resources that are available to the people and civilization.

Question 23

Describe the process used to domesticate crops and create plants that yielded bigger, tastier harvests.

Answer 23

They made a granary in which grain could be stored for years. They filled this by farming. They farmed by any source of water and stayed close to the water source. They would grow the crops next to the village. They would use the plant seeds and individual plants that were the tastiest and easiest to harvest. Plants differ from each place and region. The most valuable is wheat because it has the most protein, carbohydrates, and fiber, and plants that were low in this are less valuable and people cannot live off just that one plant. In New Guinee there is barely any protein in the plants.

Question 24

. How did the domestication of animals help people? Give several examples.

Answer 24

We could control their breeding and we could harvest them for food. We could also use them for their milk, their skins could be used for clothes, and we could use them for farming, such as fertilizing the crops. They could also move a plow to harvest crops

Question 25

List the animals that can be domesticated and where they can be found.

Answer 25

There are 14 plant eating carnivores that are able to be domesticated Goats, sheep, pigs, cows, water buffalo, llamas, and yachts Asia, north Africa, Europe

Question 26

Looking at the list of animals and locations from question 5, discuss how Diamond’s theory about geographic luck applies here.

Answer 26

They animals were not in New Guinee and they only had Pigs, which just gave you meat. They don’t pull anything, they don’t have milk, and it wouldn’t be good to use it for clothes.

Question 27

How did the movement of the early civilizations of the Fertile Crescent (Middle East) further support Diamond’s idea that geography played a key role in the success of a civilization?

Answer 27

The middle east had the ability to farm the most valuable crops and they had the animals that could help them the most. They had more strength in animals that could help them. But they had to move because the climate was too dry, and many villages were forced to move away. The plants and animals were able to prosper in other places in Eurasia. Then they were moved to the Americas later.

Question 28

Do you agree with Jared Diamond when he says of a civilization's ability to gain power, wealth, and strength, “…what’s far more important is the hand that people have been dealt, the raw materials they’ve had at their disposal.” Why or why not?

Answer 28

I think that food and the ability to survive with the most resources and the most valuable resources will give power, strength and wealth. It does matter where you are because each region has their own raw materials that you must survive. The places with the most valuable and the most resources in the places are most likely to have the most power

Question 29

Arc of rich farmland in southwest Asia, between the Persian and Mediterranean sea.

Answer 29

Fertile Crescent

Question 30

lands facing the Mediterranean Sea. "Land between rivers"

Answer 30

mesopotamia

Question 31

a city and its surrounding lands functioning as independent political unit

Answer 31

city state

Question 32

a series of rulers from a single family

Answer 32

dynasty

Question 33

the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to another

Answer 33

cultural diffusion

Question 34

belief in many gods

Answer 34

polytheism

Question 35

a political uniting which a number of people or countries are controlled by a single ruler.

Answer 35

empire

Question 36

created the first laws; Hammurabi's code

Answer 36

Hammurabi

Question 37

marshy region formed by deposits of of silk at the mouth of a river

Answer 37

delta

Question 38

king that gave evidence that united north and south Egypt.

Answer 38

narmer

Question 39

a king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political leader and military

Answer 39

pharaoh

Question 40

government controlled by religious leaders

Answer 40

theocracy

Question 41

massive structure that were built as burial places for pharaohs

Answer 41

pyramid

Question 42

tall reed that grows in the Nile delta, used to make paper like material

Answer 42

papyrus

Question 43

an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

Answer 43

hieroglyphics