Chap 10 CBT

Question 1

As is true of traditional behaviour therapy, the CB approaches are quite diverse, but they do share these attributes (4)

Answer 1

1. Collaborative rs b.w client and therapist
2. the premise that psyc distress is largely a function of disturbances in cognitive processes
3. a focus on changing cognitions to produce desired changes in affect and behaviour
4. a generally time-limited and educational treatment focusing on specific and structured target problems.

Question 2

_______ believes that ppl contribute to their own psyc problems, as well as to specific problems, by the way they interpret events and situations.

Answer 2

Rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). It was one of the first cog behaviour therapies.

Question 3

RECT’s basic hypothesis is that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reactions to life situations. Through this therapeutic process, clients learn skills that give them the tools to identify and dispute _____ that have been acquired and self-constructed and are now maintained by self-indoctrination.

Answer 3

Irrational beliefs

Question 4

What does Rational emotive behaviour therapy based on?

Answer 4

the assumption that human beings are born with a potential for both rational ie “straight” thinking and irriational “crooked” thinking. ppl have predispositions for either. it is based on the premise that although we originally learn irrational beliefs from SO during childhood, we create irrational dogmas by ourselves.

Question 5

The A-B-C framework is central to REBT theory and practice. What is it?

Answer 5

A is the existence of a fact (an activating event), or the behaviour or attitude of an ind. C is the emotional and behavioural consequence or reaction of the ind- it can be either healthy or unhealthy. A does not cause C. Instead, B which is the person’s belief about A largely causes C, the emotional reaction.

Question 6

After A,B and C in the A-B-C framework what comes next?

Answer 6

D- disputing. This is the application of methods to help clients challenge their irrational beliefs. Eventually clients will arrive at E- an effective philosophy, replace unhealthy thoughts with healthy ones. If successful we also create F- a new set of feelings.

Question 7

_______ is a central technique of cognitive therapy that teaches ppl how to improve themselves by replacing faulty cognitions with constructive beliefs.

Answer 7

cognitive restructuring. restructuring involves helping clients learn to monitor their self-talk, identify maladaptive self-talk, and substitute adaptive self-talk for their neg s-t

Question 8

____ is carefully designed and agreed upon an is aimed at getting clients to carry out pos actions that induce emotional attitudinal change.

Answer 8

Homework

Question 9

The most common cognitive method of REBT

Answer 9

Disputing irrational beliefs- and teaching clients to do this and challenge their beliefs on their own. Clients go over a particular must, should or ought until they no longer hold that irrational belief- or until it is at least diminished in strength.

Question 10

What does it look like for clients to do cognitive homework?

Answer 10

They are expected to make lists of their problems, look for their absolutist beliefs, and dispute these beliefs. They apply the ABC model to many of them problems clients encounter.

Question 11

This technique is a form of intense mental practice designed to establish new emotional patterns. Clients imagine themselves thinking, feeling, and behaving exactly the way they would like to think, feel and behave in real life.

Answer 11

Rational emotive imagery

Question 12

REBT contends that emotional disturbances often result from taking oneself too seriously. What do they promote using then?

Answer 12

Using humour. This has both cognitive and emotional benefits in bringing about change.

Question 13

How does REBT use role playing in therapy?

Answer 13

role playing has emotive, cognitive, and behavioural components, and the therapist often interrupts to show clients what they are telling themselves to create their disturbances and what they can do to change their unhealthy feelings to healthy ones.

Question 14

What is the goal of shame-attacking exercises?

Answer 14

The main point of these exercises, which typically involve both emotive and behavioural components, is that clients work to feel unashamed even when others clearly disapprove of them.

Question 15

How does cognitive therapy perceive psyc problems?

Answer 15

Perceives psyc probs as stemming from commonplace processes such as faulty thinking, making incorrect inferences on the basis of inadequate or incorrect info, and failing to distinguish between fantasy and reality.

Question 16

The theoretical assumptions of cognitive therapy are… (3)

Answer 16

1. that ppl’s internal communication is accessible to introspection
2. That clients’ beliefs have highly personal meanings
3. That these meanings can be discovered by the client rather than being taught or interpreted by the therapist
   The basic theory of CT holds that to imderstand the nature of an emotional episode or disturbance it is essential to focus on the cog content of an ind’s reaction to the upsetting event or stream of thought.

Question 17

The basic theory of CT holds that to understandthe nature of an emotional episode or disturbance it is essential to focus on…

Answer 17

The cognitive content of an ind’s rxn to the upsetting event or stream of thought. The goal is to change the way clients think by using their automatic thoughts to reach the core schemata and begin to introduce the idea of schema restructuring.

Question 18

Personalized notions that are triggered by particular stimuli that lead to emotional responses.

Answer 18

Automatic thoughts

Question 19

Systematic errors in reasoning that lead to faulty assumptions and misconceptions.

Answer 19

Cognitive distortions

Question 20

Making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence. This includes ‘catastrophizing’ or thinking of the absolute worst scenario and outcomes for most situations.

Answer 20

Arbitrary inferences

Question 21

Forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event. In this process other info is ignored and the significance of the total context is missed.

Answer 21

Selective abstraction.

Question 22

Holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings.

Answer 22

Overgeneralization

Question 23

Perceiving a case or situation in a greater or lesser light than it truly deserves.

Answer 23

Magnification and minimization.

Question 24

Tendency for ind. to relate external events to themselves, even with there is no basis for making this connection.

Answer 24

Personalization

Question 25

Portraying one’s identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one’s true identity. Eg. if you aren’t able to live up to all of a client’s expectations, you might say “I’m totally worthless and should turn my professional license in right away”

Answer 25

Labeling and mislabeling

Question 26

Categorizing experiences in either-or extremes (black and quite),

Answer 26

Dichotomous thinking

Question 27

Through a reflective questioning process, a CT attempts to collaborate with clients in testing the validity of their cognitions

Answer 27

Collaborative empiricism. Therapeutic change in the result of clients confronting faulty beliefs with contradictory evidence that they have gathered and evaluated.

Question 28

How does CT and REBT differ in terms of the client-therapist rs?

Answer 28

REBT views the therapist largely as a teach and does NOT think that a warm personal rs with clients is essential. In contrast, CT emphasizes that the quality of the thera rs is basic to the application of CT. CT aim to teach clients how to be their own therapist. given homework etc.

Question 29

What is the cognitive triad in CT?

Answer 29

in the first triad- clients hold a negative view of themselves. they blame their setbacks on personal inadequacies without considering circumstantial expanations.

2. consists of the tendency to interpret exp in a negative manner.
3. pertains clients’ gloomy vision and projections a.b the future.

Question 30

It almost seems as if depressed ppl select certain facts that conform to their negative conclusions. It is used to bolster the ind’s negative schema, giving further credence to their core beliefs,

Answer 30

Selective Abstraction

Question 31

CT places a heavy emphasis on ____ or what have elsewhere been defined as core beliefs.

Answer 31

Schema. A key aspect of the therapeutic process in CT involves restructuring distorted beliefs which has a pivotal impact on changing dysfunctional behaviours.

Question 32

Another major alternative to rational emotive behaviour therapy is Donald Meichenbaum’s _______ hich focuses on changing the client’s self-verbalizations.

Answer 32

cognitive behaviour modification (CBM). A basic premise of CBM is that clients, as a prerequisite to behaviour change, must notice how they think, feel, and behave and the impact they have on others. For changes to occur, clients need to interrupt the scripted nature of their behaviour so that they can evaluate their behaviour in various situations.

Question 33

Whereas REBT is more diret and confrontational in uncovering and disputing irrational thoughts, Meichenbaum’s _________ focuses more on helping clients become aware of their self-talk. It includes teaching clients to make self-statements and training clients to modify the instructions they give to themselves.

Answer 33

self-instructional training

Question 34

The organizing aspect of thinking, which seems to monitor and direct the choice of thoughts.

Answer 34

Cognitive structure

Question 35

Meichenbaum proposes that behaviour change occurs how?

Answer 35

Through a sequence of mediating processes involving the interaction of inner speech, cognitive structures, and behaviours and their resultant outcomes” There is a 3 phases process of change where those 3 aspects are interwoven.

Question 36

What are the 3 phases required for behaviour change according to Meichenbaum?

Answer 36

1. Self-observation
2. starting a new internal dialogue
3. learning new skills that can be practiced in real-life situations

Question 37

The rationale for _______ is that we can acquire more effective strategies in dealing with stressful situations by learning how to modify our cog “set” or our core beliefs.

Answer 37

coping skills programs

Question 38

Using cog techniques, Meichenbaum has developed _______ procedures that are a psychological and behavioural analog to immunization on a bio lvl.

Answer 38

stress inoculation training (SIT). it is designed to teach coping skills than can be applied to both present probs and future difficulties.

Question 39

What are the 3 stages for the stress inoculation training?

Answer 39

1. the conceptual-educational phase
2. the skills acquisition, consolidation and rehearsal phase: the primary focus here is on creating a working rs with clients by helping them gain a better understanding of the nature of stress and reconceptualizing it in social=interactive terms.
3. the application and follow-through phase= the focus is on arranging for transfer and maintenance of change from the thera sit to everyday life.

Question 40

In Stress inoculation training clients are also provided with training in ______ which consists of procedures for dealing with the inevitable setbacks that they are likely to exp as they apply their learnings to daily life.

Answer 40

Relapse prevention. Booster sessions typically take place at 3- 6- and 12 month periods as an incentive for clients to continue practicing and refining their coping skills.

Question 41

Meichenbaum has dev his approach by incorporating the _________, which focuses on the stories ppl tell about themselves and others regarding sig events in their lives. This approach begins with the assumption that there are multiple realities. One of the thasjs is to help clients appreciate how they construct their realities and how they author their own stories.

Answer 41

Constructivist narrative perspective (CNP)

Question 42

Meichenbaum describes the ______ to CBT as less structured and more discovery-oriented than standard cog therapy.

Answer 42

constructivist approach. it gives more emphasis to past dev, tends to target deeper core beliefs, and explores the behavioural impact and emotional toll a clients pays for clinging to certain root metaphors.