Chap 11-13: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
called the “river of life”
A
BLOOD
2
Q
the only fluid tissue in the body
A
BLOOD
3
Q
allows important substances to be delivered
(as a transport system) to various organs and at the
same time it is a way by which the body can collect
waste products of metabolism
A
BLOOD
4
Q
Fluid matrix
A
PLASMA
5
Q
pale, yellow liquid that surrounds cells
A
PLASMA
6
Q
It serves as the liquid base for whole blood
A
PLASMA
7
Q
helps maintain water
balance
A
ALBUMIN
8
Q
helps immune system
A
GLOBULIN
9
Q
aids in clot formation
A
FIBRINOGEN
10
Q
is the liquid or undiluted part of the blood, which lacks clotting factors
A
serum
10
Q
is the process that produces
formed elements
A
HEMATOPOIESIS
11
Q
the layer between RBC and plasma usually composed of WBC and platelets
A
Buffy Coat
12
Q
is located at the pelvic bones
and at the ends of long bones
A
Red bone marrow
13
Q
the single populations of cells
where all formed elements of the blood is
derived
A
Hematopoietic stem cells or
hemocytoblasts
14
Q
where most
formed elements is derived
A
Myeloid stem cells
15
Q
gives rise to the
lymphocytes
A
Lymphoid stem cells
16
Q
Disk-shaped with thicker edges than the center
A
RED BLOOD CELL
17
Q
They make ATP by anaerobic mechanism because they lack mitochondria
A
RED BLOOD CELL
18
Q
transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
A
RED BLOOD CELL
19
Q
An Iron-bearing protein, transports most of the
oxygen that is carried in the blood
A
HEMOGLOBIN
20
Q
A hemoglobin with an O2 attached
A
Oxyhemoglobin
21
Q
binds to iron in
hemoglobin 210x more readily than O2 and
does not tend to unbind
A
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
22
Q
70% of CO2 in the
blood is transported in the form of bicarbonate
ions; 30% of CO2 is transported to either
protein-bind or dissolved in plasma
A
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
23
Q
gives rise to the red blood cell line
A
Proerythroblasts
24
it is the production of RBCs
Erythropoiesis
25
starts in the red bone marrow with a precursor
cell called a proerythroblast
Erythropoiesis
26
remove dead cells and debris by
phagocytosis
WHITE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)
27
Fight infections
WHITE BLOOD
CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)
28
Include neutrophils,eosinophils
and basophils
GRANULOCYTES
29
Functions as phagocytes
at active sites
NEUTROPHILS
30
destroy parasites
EOSINOPHILS
31
release histamine that promotes inflammation
and heparin that prevents
clot formation
BASOPHILS
32
Include lymphocytes and monocytes
AGRANULOCYTES
33
Function as macrophages when they migrate into tissues
MONOCYTES
34
Produces antibodies and other
chemicals responsible for destroying microorganisms
LYMPHOCYTES
35
Needed for clotting
process
PLATELETS
36
When blood vessels are damaged, blood can leak into other tissues and disrupt
normal function
Blood loss
37
This process stops bleeding from a blood vessel
through a series of interconnected steps
HEMOSTASIS
38
Blood vessel constriction which is immediate
but temporary
VASCULAR SPASMS
39
Important in maintaining the integrity of
damaged blood vessels
PLATELET PLUG FORMATION
40
an important process that prevents excessive
bleeding when a blood vessel is injured
BLOOD CLOTTING (COAGULATION)
41
A clot that forms within a
blood vessel
Thrombus
41
network of thread-like
proteins called fibrin that
trap blood cells and fluid
CLOT
42
are used to prevent clot
formation
Anticoagulants
43
A clot that travels through
the bloodstream to block another
vessel
Embolus
43
condensing of clot
Clot retraction
44
process of dissolving clot
Fibrinolysis
45
Transfer of blood or blood components from
one individual to another
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
46
is the introduction of a fluid other than blood, such as saline or glucose solution,
into the blood
Infusion
47
The clumping of blood cells
Agglutination
48
These are molecules found on the surface of erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Antigens
48
The rupture of red blood cells
Hemolysis
49
These are proteins present in the plasma
Antibodies
49
named based on the type of
antigen present
Blood groups
50
has type B antigens
Type B
51
has type A antigens
Type A
52
has both types of antigens
Type AB
53
has neither A nor B antigens
Type O
54
are universal DONOR since
they lack both the antigens
Type O
55
a vital, muscular organ responsible
for pumping blood throughout the body
HEART
56
The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart through vessels
Pulmonary Circulation
57
The left side of the heart pumps blood to all other body tissues and back to the right side of the heart through a network of vessels
Systemic Circulation
58
outer layer of the
pericardium, composed of tough fibrous connective
tissue
Fibrous Pericardium
59
inner layer and consists of flat
epithelial cells
Serous Pericardium
60
lines the fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
61
membrane that covers the surface of the heart
Visceral pericardium( or epicardium)
62
space around the heart
enclosed by the pericardium
Pericardial cavity
63
receives oxygenated
blood from the pulmonary veins
left atrium
63
receives deoxygenated blood from three veins: the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
right atrium
64
separates the right and left atria
interatrial septum
65
is a prominent feature of the septum
fossa ovalis
66
The two upper chambers of the heart are the receiving chambers
The Atria ( Right and left atrium)
67
The two LOWER chambers of the heart
The Ventricles (Right and left ventricles)
68
separates
right and left ventricles
Interventricular septum
69
Is a cavity or chamber that can be filled with fluid
The Ventricles (Right and left ventricles)
70
receives blood from
the left atrium and PUMPS it to the aorta
left ventricle
70
receives blood from
the right atrium and PUMPS it to the main pulmonary artery
right ventricle
71
between RV and pulmonary
trunk
Pulmonary valve
72
between LV and aorta
Aortic valve
73
These rings
surround the
atrioventricular and
semilunar valves,
providing them with
strong support
CARDIAC SKELETON
74
Supply blood to the heart wall
Coronary Arteries
75
Supplies blood to the right ventricle
Right Coronary Artery
75
Supplies blood to the anterior heart wall and the left
ventricle
Left Coronary Artery
76
Drain blood from the cardiac muscle and run parallel
to the coronary arteries
Cardiac Veins
77
part of the heart responsible for
pumping blood since it is made up mostly the thickness and mass of the heart wall
Myocardium
77
thick, middle layer composed of
cardiac muscle
Myocardium
78
surface of heart (outside), helps to lubricate the outside of the heart
Epicardium
79
covers heart
valves &
vessels
Endocardium
80
responsible for keeping
blood from sticking to the inside if the heart and forming potentially deadly blood clots
Endocardium
81
1 centrally located nucleus
CARDIAC MUSCLE
82
Changes in membrane channels’ permeability are
responsible for producing action potentials and is
called
pacemaker potential
83
* Na+ channels open
* Ca2+ channels open
Depolarization phase
84
* Na+ channels close
* Some K+ channels open
* Ca2+ channels remain open
Plateau phase
85
* K+ channels are open
* Ca2+ channels close
Repolarization phase
86
Specialized cardiac
muscle cells in the heart wall make up the
conduction system, which coordinates the
contraction of the atria and ventricles
Contraction Coordination
87
The slow rate of action potential
conduction allows the atria to complete their
contraction before action potentials are delivered
to the ventricles
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
87
Every cell in the
conduction system is capable of generating
spontaneous action potentials
Spontaneous Action Potentials
88
where action potential originates
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
89
Rapidly transmit action potentials to all ventricular
musc
Purkinje Fibers
89
action potentials from AV node travel to AV bundle
Atrioventricular bundle
90
Records heart's electrical activity
ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (EKG)
91
depolarization of atria
P wave
92
repolarization of ventricles
T wave
93
○ depolarization of ventricles
○ contains Q, R, S waves
QRS complex
94
Summarizes all events in a single heartbeat
Cardiac Cycle
95
Create pressure changes in heart chambers
Cardiac Muscle Contractions
96
Drive blood movement
Pressure Changes
97
Moves from areas of high
to low pressure
Blood Flow Direction
98
contraction of atria
ATRIAL SYSTOLE
99
contraction of ventricles
VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
100
relaxation of atria
ATRIAL DIASTOLE
100
Occurs when
atrioventricular valves close
First Heart Sound ("lubb")
100
Arises from the
closure of semilunar valves
Second Heart Sound ("dupp")
101
relaxation of ventricles
VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE
102
The blood volume returning to the heart.
VENOUS RETURN
102
the degree in which ventricular walls are
stretched at end of diastole
PRELOAD
103
pressure against which ventricles must pump
blood
STARLING'S LAW OF THE HEART
103
Describes the relationship between preload and
stroke volume, impacting cardiac output
STARLING'S LAW OF THE HEART
104
Monitor blood pressure in the aorta and
carotid arteries
Baroreceptors
105
Involves chemical regulation of heart function
CHEMORECEPTOR REFLEX
