Chap 19: Reproductive System Flashcards by Aiah Cayabyab

in males nourishes
sperm until they are mature and are
deposited in the female reproductive
tract by the penis

duct system

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The reproductive organs in males and
females produce gametes by

meiosis

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Produce sperm and testosterone

TESTES

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Sac containing the testes

SCROTUM

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nourish the
sperm cells and produce small
amounts of hormones

Sustentacular cells

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Spermatogenesis begins in the

seminiferous tubules

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divide (mitosis) to
form primary spermatocytes

Spermatogonia

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divide by
meiosis to produce first secondary
spermatocytes and then spermatids

Primary spermatocytes

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a coiled tube
system, is located on the testis and is
the site of sperm maturation

epididymis

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lead to the rete testis, which opens into the efferent ductules that extend to the epididymis

seminiferous tubules

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passes from
the epididymis into the abdominal
cavity

ductus deferens

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Final changes

capacitation of
sperm cells

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is formed by
the joining of the ductus deferens and
the duct from the seminal vesicle

ejaculatory duct

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extends from the urinary
bladder through the penis to the outside of the body

urethra

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consists of erectile tissue

PENIS

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form the dorsum and the sides

corpora cavernosa

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forms the ventral portion and the glans penis

corpus spongiosum

consists of
glandular and muscular tissue and
empties into the urethra

prostate gland

is a mixture of sperm cells
and gland secretions

Semen

contains
nutrients, prostaglandins, and
proteins that coagulate

seminal vesicle fluid

The testicular secretions contain

sperm cells

contains nutrients
and proteolytic enzymes, and it
neutralizes the pH of the vagina

prostate fluid

causes enlargement
of the genitals and is necessary for
spermatogenesis

Testosterone

is produced in the
hypothalamus and released in
surges

Gonadotropin hormone-releasing
hormone (GnRH)

is the release of an oocyte from an ovary

Ovulation

is a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flat granulosa cells

primordial follicle

the oocyte enlarges, and granulosa cells become cuboidal and form more than one layer

primary follicles

fluid-filled vesicles appear, and a theca forms around the follicle

secondary follicle

is a pear-shaped organ

UTERUS

are the spaces formed by the uterus

uterine cavity and the cervical canal

connects the uterus (cervix) to the vestibule

vagina

covers the vestibular opening of the vagina in young females

hymen

is a space into which the vagina and the urethra open

vestibule

is composed of erectile tissue and contains many sensory receptors important in detecting sexual stimuli

clitoris

cover the labia minora, and the pudendal cleft is a space between the labia majora

labia majora

are folds that cover the vestibule and form the prepuce

labia minora

is an elevated area superior to the labia majora

mons pubis

are the organs of milk production

Mammary glands

is produced by degeneration of the endometrium

Menstrual fluid

stimulates proliferation of the endometrium, and progesterone causes thickening of the endometrium

Estrogen

The cessation of the menstrual cycle is called menopause

MENOPAUSE

The cyclical changes in the uterus are controlled by

estrogen and progesterone