Chap 11: Flashcards by Anne-Marie Dion

Fill the blank

____ is anything that has volume and mass

Matter

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Identify this concept:

Name given to the model representing the organization and behaviour of matter.
According to this model:
* Matter is made up of particles
* All particles are in constant motion

PARTICLE MODEL

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Name the phase

Definite shape
Definite volume
Particles vibrate
Particles tight together.

Solid Phase

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Name the phase

Takes shape of container
Definite volume
Particles slide over each other
Particles a little further apart than solid

Liquid Phase

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Name the phase

No definite shape
Particles move freely
Particles are far apart

Gaseous Phase

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Identify:

Smallest, indivisi-
ble unit of matter that exists.

Atom

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Identify

Groups of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Molecules

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Identify

Substance made of at least 2 different type of particle.

MIXTURE

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Identify

Substance made up of a single type of atom or molecule.

PURE SUBSTANCE
ex: H2, Cu, H2O, CO2 are all exemple of pure substance.

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Identify

Mixtures can be divided into two types: ____ mixtures and ____ mixtures.

heterogeneous mixtures and homogeneous mixtures.

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Identify

Mixture made up of at least two sub- stances that can be distinguished with the naked eye.

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
ex: orange juice with pulp

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Identify

Mixture made up of at least two sub- stances that cannot be distinguished with the naked eye.

HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
ex: apple juice, blood, urine

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Identify this:

Homogeneous mixture in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent.

SOLUTION

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Exemple of problem related to solution

Sport drinks are considered aqueous solutions. Below is the ingredient list for one of these drinks.
Ingredients: Water, sucrose syrup, glucose-fructose syrup, citric acid, natural grape flavour with other natural flavours, salt, sodium citrate, red41, blue 1.

Identify 3 solutes found in this sports drink.

Any 3 or the following: sucrose syrup, glucose-fructose syrup, citric acid, natural grape flavour with other natural flavours, salt, sodium citrate, red41, blue 1.

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Fill the blank

A _____ is a substance that dissolves in another substance.

SOLUTE

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Fill the blank

A _____ is a substance that can dissolve a solute.

SOLVENT

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Name the process describe below:

When sugar is added to the water, the sugar particles spread out evenly in the water.

Dissolution
Dissolution is the formation of a solution by dissolving a solute in a solvent.

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Identify that concept:

Quantity of dissolved solute in a quantity of solution

CONCENTRATION

Attention: Concentration units are g/L

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How many mL is 1 Liter?

1000 mL

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How many Kg is 1000g

1 kg

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Use the Right Units

what is %(m/v)

g/100mL

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Use the right Units

what is %(V/V)

ml/100ml

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Use the Right Units

what is %(m/m)

g/100g

Identify this concept:

Ratio between the mass and volume of a substance.

Density

# Describe: Formula use to calculate density (and it's units)

Density=Mass/Volume g/ml or g/cm3

# Identify that concept Process of adding solvent (usually water) to an initial solution, reducing the concentration and increasing the volume of the final solution. The amount of solute stays the same.

DILUTION

# Describe: Formula use to calculate dilution

C1V1=C2V2 ## Footnote C1 and C2 must be in the same units of measurement. V1 and V2 must be in the same units of measurement.

# Identify that concept Measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature.

**Solubility** Solubility is a characteristic property. No two substance share the same solubility for a given temperature.

# Fill the blank If a solution contains less than the maximum amount of solute, it is called \_\_\_\_\_.

**Unsaturated Solution**

# Fill the blank If a solution contains exactly the maximum amount of solute, it is called a \_\_\_\_\_ solution.

**Saturated Solution**

# Fill the blanks If it contains more than the maximum amount of solute, it is called 1)\_\_\_\_\_\_. In most cases, the surplus solute will appear as a 2)\_\_\_\_\_\_.

1) Supersaturated Solution 2)Precipitate

# Fill the blank The solubility of a given substance will vary depending on the solvent. For example, table salt is very soluble in water, but not in oil.Therefore, we say that salt is \_\_\_\_\_

Hydrophilic Substance

# Fill the blank A \_\_\_\_\_ substance is very soluble in oil. For exam- ple, many aromatic substances are soluble in oil.

Lipophilic substance

# Fill the blank \_\_\_\_ has a special structure that allows it to be both hydrophilic and lipophilic.

Soap ## Footnote Soap is an emulsifiant

# Fill the blank As the temperature increases, the solubility of \_\_\_\_\_ will also increase.

**Solid** Therefore, to dissolve more solid, heat up the solution.

# Fill the blank The solubility of \_\_\_\_\_ decreases with temperature

**Gas** Therefore, to dissove more gas, cool down the solution.

# Exemple of questions requiring use of a specific solubility curve: 1)Given the solubility curve of Ba(OH)2 seen in the graph below, is Ba(OH)2 a solid or a gas? 2)If you dissolved 10 g of BA(OH)2 in 100 mL of water at 40 degree Celsius, is the resulting solution saturated?

1)It's a solid - the solubility increases with the temperature. 2)The solution is not saturated. According to the solubility curve, the solution is saturated when approximately 19g of solute is dissolved in 100 mL of water.

# Identify: Pure substance that contains only one type of atom; it is impossible to separate an element into other sub- stances, using chemical separation techniques.

**ELEMENT** ex: H2 (hydrogen), He (helium), Cl2(chlorine)

# Identify: Pure substances made of 2 or more types of atoms chemically bonded.

**COMPOUND** ex: H2O (water), NaCl (sodium chloride), CO2 (Carbon dioxide).

# True or False A **non-characteristic property** cannot help us to tell one pure substance from another.

True

# Identify: Substance that change colour, because of a **chemical change**, when in the presence or absence of a chemical species such as an acid or a base.

**Indicators:** ex: 1.Litmus Paper (acid or base) 2.Cobalt chloride paper (presence of water) 3.Iodine (presence of starch) 4.Limewater test (presence of carbon dioxide).

# Complete the sentence Characteristic physical properties help us to identify a pure substance **without**...

...changing the nature of the substance in the process.

# Fill the blanks Characteristic physical properties must be measured at a specific \_\_\_\_ and specific \_\_\_\_.

at a specific **temperature** and specific **pressure**.

# About the Cobalt chloride paper Test What is the Cobalt chloride paper test for?

The presence of **water**. The paper stays blue when there is no water present.

# About the Limewater Test What does the Limewater test test for?

**Carbon Dioxide Gas (CO2)** If the limewater becomes **milky** (that is, if a **precipitate** forms), the test substance contains **carbon dioxide gas.**

# Identify that concept Change that results in the formation of one or more new substances. This type of change is **almost always irreversible**.

**Chemical change** ex: **cellular respiration**or the process in which glucose and oxigyen are transformed into coabon dioxide, water and energy. ex2: **Digestion** or the process of breaking down food into energy that can be used by the body.

# About the Blue and Red Litmus paper Test The colour of the litmus paper indicates whether the test substance is an **acid**, a **base** or **neutral**. Red stays red and blue turns red = \_\_\_\_ Blue stays blue and red turns blue = \_\_\_\_ Red stays red and blue stays blue = \_\_\_\_

1)acid 2)base 3)neutral

# About the Iodine test What does the Iodine test test for?

The presence of **starch**. Starch turn blue in the presence of iodine.

# About the "Reaction to an open flame" test The \_\_\_\_\_ of the flame indicates the presence of certain substance.

The color.

Name 4 Characteristic Physical Properties

Melting point Boiling point Density Solubility

# Name this physical characteristic property: The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid (or a liquid becomes a solid).

**Melting point** The melting point is a characteristic property. **No two pure substance have the same melting point**. ex: pure water melts at 0 degree Celcius

# Name this physical characteristic property: The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas (or a gas becomes a liquid).

**Boiling Point** The boiling point is a characteristic property of a substance. **No two pure substances share the same boiling point.** ex: Pure water boiling point is 100 degree celcius

# Describe that physical characteristic propertie: Ratio between the mass and volume of a given substance

**Density** Density is a characteristic property. **No two substances share the same density.** ## Footnote The unit used to express density is g/mL or g/cm3 (note: 1 mL = 1 cm3).

# identify the following characteristic physical property: The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given volume of solvent.

**Solubility.** Solubility is a characteristic property.**No two substances share the same solubility for a given temperature.** Ex 1: Table salt in water: 357 g/L Ex 2:Carbon dioxide in water: 3.48 g/L Ex 3: Sugar in water: 1792 g/L

Dilution is the addition of 1)\_\_\_\_, which decreases the concentration of the 2)\_\_\_\_ in the solution.

Dilution is the addition of **solvent**, which decreases the concentration of the **solute** in the solution.