chap 11, Formula of organic compounds Flashcards
(20 cards)
General formula?
Simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series
Displayed formula
Shows relative positioning of all atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them
Structural forrmula
Uses the smallest amount to detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule
What does the intersection of 2 lines (kink) on skeletal formula represent
A carbon atom
What does a straight line represent in a skeletal formula
A single bond
What is missing from a skeletal formula relative to the displayed formula
All carbon and hydrogen labels, all bonds to hydrogen atoms
Include the bonds to side chains and FGs
What does the end of a single line represent in skeletal formula
a CH3 group
2 types of isomerism
structural isomerism and stereoisomerism.
What is isomerism?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
Define structural isomerism.
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
What is chain isomerism?
Carbon units in different positions, leading to branched or straight-chain forms.
e.g butane can exist as a straight chain or as isobutane (branched).
What is position isomerism?
Same functional group but in different positions along the carbon chain.
Affects the properties of the compound.
What is functional group isomerism?
Different functional groups that lead to isomers.
e.g alcohols and ethers can have the same molecular formula but different functional groups.
What is stereoisomerism and 2 types
Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in 3D space.
E/Z isomerism
Optical isomerism.
3 types of structural isomerism
Chain isomerism
Position isomerism, Functional group isomerism.
General formula (GF) of alkanes
CnH2n+2
GF of alkenes
CnH2n
GF of alcohols
Cn H2n+1 OH
GF of carboxylic acids
Cn H2n O2
GF of ketones
Cn H2n O
