Chapter 11 Organic chem

Question 1

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 1

The study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions and preparation of carbon-containing compounds

Question 2

What unique ability does carbon have regarding bonding?

Answer 2

Carbon can bond to other carbon atoms in long chains.

Question 3

Name three areas where organic compounds are vital.

Answer 3

• Pharmaceuticals
• Detergents
• Dyes and pigments
• Cosmetics
• Plastics
• Agricultural chemicals

Question 4

Hydrocarbon

Answer 4

Compound containing C and H atoms only

Question 5

Saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 5

Only contains carbon to carbon single bonds

Question 6

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 6

Contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds

Question 7

Which bonds does the term ‘multiple bonds’ include

Answer 7

Double or tripple

Question 8

Homologous series

Answer 8

Family of compounds with similar chemical properties who successive members differ by the addition of a –CH2- group

Question 9

Functional group

Answer 9

A part of the organic molecule largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties

Question 10

Nomenclature?

Answer 10

Naming

Question 11

What are the three classifications of hydrocarbons?

Answer 11

Alicyclic, Aliphatic, Aromatic

Question 12

Define alicyclic hydrocarbons and example

Answer 12

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in a non-aromatic ring, with or without branches e.g cyclohexane.

Question 13

Define aliphatic hydrocarbons and example

Answer 13

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains, or non-aromatic rings, e.g hexane and octane.

Question 14

Define aromatic hydrocarbons and examples

Answer 14

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring, e.g benzene and toluene.

Question 15

Wheree is there an overlap withing the 3 classifications for hydrocarbons

Answer 15

Alicyclic can also be classified as aliphatic

Question 16

Benzene ring?

Answer 16

Ring of 6C with 1H branch on each C
Single bonds between Cs
One C e- delocalised from each C

Question 17

3 homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 17

Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes

Question 18

Alkyne?

Answer 18

Hydrocarbons containing at least one tripple carbon to carbon bond

Question 19

3 components of a name for aliphatic hydrocarbons

Answer 19

prefix(optional): indicates presence of side chains or FG
Stem: Indicates number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain of the molecule
suffix: Indicatds FGs

Question 20

Name for side chains on aliphatic hydrocarbons?

Answer 20

alkyl groups (CnH2n+1)

Question 21

When two or more side chains are the same..

Answer 21

..use prefixes di- ,tri- ,tetra- before the alkyl group

Question 22

If two or more side chains are diff..

Answer 22

..put the names (with the number) of the alkyl group as prefixes in alphabetical order

Question 23

To show position of an alkyl group..

Answer 23

..and numbers before them using lowest numbering

Question 24

How should letters and numbers be separated vs numbers and numbers

Answer 24

L to N: dash
N to N: comma

Question 25

2 additional rules when naming alicyclic alkanes?

Answer 25

and cyclo as a prefix (after any side chains) If only one side chain is present it needs no number bc it is considered to be on C 1

Question 26

Additional step for naming alkenes

Answer 26

Identify location of double bond using lowest numbering Goes between stem pan suffix (FG name)

Question 27

when naming alkenes, why do we always number the carbons with he lowest numbering to accommodate the C=C

Answer 27

Bc any side chains (alkyl groups) are not actually FGs