chap 15 Flashcards
list 3 cardiovascular adaptation to the heart for aerobic training
- increase ventricle size, more blood can be bump per beat
- decrease of HR in rest and sub-max, the grater amount of blood ejected with each beat means that the oxygen requirement of the activity are being met more efficiently.
- increase of stroke volume
-increase of Q only in maximal intensity
list 1 cardiovascular adaptation to the blood vessel for aerobic training
- increase of capillarisation to heart and skeletal muscles (slow twitch muscle), improved blood flow to the heart, delivering more oxygen to heart muscle to meet the energy demands of the myocardium. also enhance removal of by-product from the muscle.
list 2 cardiovascular adaptation in blood for aerobic training
- increased total haemoglobin, increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, allowing to the working muscles
- increase plasma levels
explain of how increase in vO2 max improved aerobic performance?
increase oxygen delivery to the working muscles and increase the ability of the muscle to extract oxygen from blood (a-vO2 diff), enabling more ATP to be produced aerobically, therefore increasing vO2 max= SV x HR x a-vO2 diff
list 3 respiratory adaptation for aerobic training
- increase tidal volume, results in the amount of air inspired and expired per breath, enabling a greater amount of oxygen to be available for transport to the working muscles.
- increase lung volume and vital capacity
- increase pulmonary diffusion, will increase the rate at which oxygen and CO2 is exchange btw the alveoli and capillaries to be available **for transport to and from the working muscles. **
increased ventilatory efficiency, less oxygen is required for breathing therefore more oxygen available for working muscle.
list 3 muscular adaptation for aerobic training
- increased mitochondria size and density, lead to increase of oxidative enzyme allow athlete to work a higher percentage of their vO2 max without accumulate lactate, decrease on set of fatigue, delaying LIP.
- increased myoglobin stores, more oxygen can be stored, hence more ATP is produce aerobically.
- increased use of fat in sub-max, result in glycogen sparing trained athlete will oxidised fat first and save glycogen for later during endurance performance, glycogen have a faster rate of ATP resynthesise compare to fat.
list 3 HIIT adaptation for aerobic training
-increase of vO2 max
- increase of capillarisation
- improved lactate tolerance
list 3 muscular adaptation for anaerobic training
- increase muscle hypertrophy, as a result increase no. of and size of myofibrils and strength of connective tissues, thus increase the force of muscle to produce
- increased glycolytic enzymes, increase the rate of ATP resynthesise anaerobically
- increase of tolerance to metabolic by-product, work longer in high intensity.
list 1 neural adaptation for anaerobic training
- increase of motor unit recruitment, greater force of contraction
- increase of motor unit activation, greater force development (speed of contraction)
-increase of fast twitch fibres
