Chap 15 Trauma Flashcards by Donovan Tompkins

Exam:
What is subluxation?
what is an example of this?

a partial dislocation
nursemaids jerked elbow

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Exam:
What is apposition?
what are the types?

how fragmented ends of the bone make contact with each other
anatomic apposition (normal, end-to-end contact)
lack of apposition (distraction, end of fragments are alligned but don’t make contact with each other)
bayonet apposition (fx fragments overlap and shafts make contact but not the fx ends)

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Exam:
What is a contusion?

bruise injury
(possible avulsion fx)

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Exam:
What is a fracture?

a break or altering of the bone

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Exam:
What is a sprain?

forced wrenching/twisting of a joint (damages ligament without dislocation)

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Exam:
What is varus?
What is valgus?
What are the deformities?

valgus is away from the mid-line (medial)
Varus is toward from mid-line (lateral)
distal fragments are angled in these directions *

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Exam:
What is a greenstick fracture?

fx is on one side only

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Exam:
What is a closed fx?
also known as?

fx with bone not though the skin
simple fx

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Exam:
What is a complete fx?
what are the 3 types of fx?

fx is complete, broken into two pieces
transverse fx (transverse fx near the right angle to long axis)
oblique fx (fx passes through bone at oblique angle)
spiral fx (bone is twisted, fx spirals around long axis)

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Exam:
what is a smiths fx?

fx of the wrist with distal radius displaced anteriorly, with radius & ulna posteriorly

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Exam:
What is a comminuted fracture?
what are the types?

bone is splintered/crushed causing it to be in two or more fragments
segmental fx: (bone broken into 3 pieces, middle fragment fx at both ends)
butterfly fx: two fragments on each side of the main, wedged shape resemblance to butterfly)
splintered fx: splintered into thin sharp fragments

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Exam:
what is a colles fx?

distal radius is displaced posteriorly, with radius & ulna anteriorly

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Exam:
What is compound fracture?
also known as?

portion of bone (fx) is piercing through the skin
open fx

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Exam:
What is a stellate fx?
most commonly seen?

fx lines radiate from central point of injury that resembles a star-like pattern
(ex: most commonly seen in the patella, after knees hitting the dashboard in an accident)

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Exam:
What is a pott’s fx?

complete fx of distal tib/fib
(major injury to ankle + ligament damage)
(commonly seen in medial malleolus/distal tibia)

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Exam:
what is a boxer’s fx?

fx of distal 5th metacarpal
(fx comes from punching)

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Exam:
What is an impacted fx?
most common in?

one fragment is firmly driven into the other
(most common in femurs, humerus, & radius)

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Exam:
What is a jefferson fx?
aka?
how does this happen?

comminuted fx of anterior/posterior arches of C1
seen from landing on the head
(skull slams into the ring)

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Exam:
what is the minimum distance you should be away from exposing on portable x-ray?

6 feet*

Exam:
what is a hangman’s fx?

fx occurs in pedicles of C2 or with/without displacement of C2/C3

Exam:
what is a compression fx?

vertebral fx from compression injury
(vertebral body collapses or compresses)

Exam:
why do we prefer AP over PA view of the thumb?

for OID*

Exam:
What are the roles for the radiologic technologist?

radiation safety expert*
(check for overuse of c-arm, failure to wear aprons, placement of hands in field)

Exam:
if you are doing a horizontal beam in the OR, where should the surgeon stand?

near the image intensifier
(not near the x-ray tube for sterilization*)

Exam: what is the CR for a portable chest?

AP: 3-4 inches inferior to jugular notch (T7) 3-5 caudad CR perpendicular to the long axis of the sternum

Exam: If a patient has a dislocated shoulder, unable to sit erect or stand what view should we do to replace a lateral?

supine, transthoracic (usually will have to break it up into a distal and proximal because of tissue)

Exam: What is asepsis?

practice of removing/minimizing infectious agents in surgical environment (surgical asepsis)

Exam: What are the roles of the CST? What does it stand for?

prepares with OR + supplying appropriate supplies and instruments (prepping patient for surgery, connect surgical equipment, maintain a sterile field)

Exam: (t/f) When working in surgery we need to be confident about how to manipulate the factors & anatomy to make a "textbook" image

true

Exam: what is spiral fracture?

bone is twisted apart & fx spirals around the long axis

Exam: What are the roles for the scrub (scrub tech)?

prepares sterile field scrubs gowns surgical team, prepares/sterilizes instruments before procedure CST or RN

Exam: when using fluro & boost fluro it is important to use: Why? How does image look?

intermittent fluro (pulse fluro) bc less patient dose less crisp

Exam: Know the picture (diagram) of the x-ray tube & image intensifier, and it shows how:

the beam is more intense the closer you are. (be familiar with this picture)

Exam: What does ORIF stand for? What is it?

open reduction with internal fixation fx site is exposed to a variety of screws, plates, & rods inserted to maintain alignment

Exam: (t/f) we need to be able to label the image intensifier, monitor, x-ray tube

true

Exam review: What is closed reduction?

non-surgical procedure

Exam review: