chap 16

Question 1

functions of eyelids

Answer 1

• protect the eye from foreign body and limits light entering eye
• distribute tears

Question 2

function of eyelashes

Answer 2

filters dust and dirt

Question 3

functions of lacrimal apparatus

Answer 3

• produces tears

- provides lubrication

Question 4

function of extraocular muscles

Answer 4

control directions of eye movement

Question 5

external layer

Answer 5

sclera and cornea

Question 6

middle layer

Answer 6

iris, ciliary body, lens

Question 7

inner most layer

Answer 7

retina

Question 8

vision

Answer 8

• vision field
• visual perception
• pupillary light reflex
• accomodation

Question 9

vision field

Answer 9

what a person sees with one eye

Question 10

visual perception

Answer 10

conducted to optic nerve & interpreted

Question 11

accommodation

Answer 11

allows eye to focus on near objects

Question 12

glaucoma test

Answer 12

“puff of air”

Question 13

lifestyle and health practices (eyes)

Answer 13

• exposure to certain conditions/substances
• sunglasses
• vision loss?
• visual aids(contacts/glasses)
• diet/nutrition
• smoker

Question 14

physical exam of eyes

Answer 14

• test visual acuity
• test visual fields
• perform corneal light reflex
• perform cardinal fields of gaze test

Question 15

example of visual acuity test

Answer 15

snellen eye chart

Question 16

PERRLA

Answer 16

pupils are equal, round, reactive to light, accommodation

Question 17

nutrients good for eyes

Answer 17

• omega 3
• betacarotine
• fatty acids

Question 18

dark skinned people consideration

Answer 18

• brown pigmented spot on sclera

- greater incidence of glaucoma in African decent

Question 19

asian people consideration

Answer 19

epicanthal fold at medial canthus giving an almond shape appearance

Question 20

warmer climate or snow fields consideration

Answer 20

greater incidence of cataracts

Question 21

glaucoma

Answer 21

damage to the optic nerve

Question 22

symptoms of glaucoma

Answer 22

• mostly asymptomatic
• loss of peripheral/side vision
• seeing halos around lights
• vision loss
• redness in eye
• eye looks hazy

Question 23

risk factors for glaucoma

Answer 23

• age
• family history
• farsighted/nearsighted
• eye injury
• medications
• diabetes
• HTN
• poor circulation

Question 24

macular degeneration

Answer 24

blurred or no vision in the center of visual field

Question 25

symptoms of macular degeneration

Answer 25

- early stages symptomless - wavy/blurred vision - visual distortion - loss of central vision - change in perception of color - need for brighter light to see

Question 26

risk factors for macular degeneration

Answer 26

- age - smoking - family history - gender - obesity - race - light eye color - prolonged sun exposure - HTN - CV disease - inactivity

Question 27

cataracts

Answer 27

- clouding of lens | - "looking out foggy window"

Question 28

symptoms of cataracts

Answer 28

- clouded/blurred/dim vision - increasing difficulty w/ night vision - sensitivity to light - need for brighter light for reading, etc - halos around lights - frequent changes in eye prescription - fading or yellowing of colors - double vision in single eye

Question 29

risk factors for cataracts

Answer 29

- age - diabetes - excess exposure to sunlight - smoking - obesity - HTN - previous eye injury/trauma - previous eye surgery - medications - alcohol

Question 30

ptosis

Answer 30

drooping eye

Question 31

ectropion

Answer 31

outward turned lower lid

Question 32

CN II

Answer 32

responsible for vision

Question 33

CN III, IV, VI

Answer 33

responsible for movement of eye

Question 34

CN V

Answer 34

conveys sensory data from cornea

Question 35

CN VII

Answer 35

closes eyelids