Chap 17 Notes Flashcards
(34 cards)
Ming Dynasty: 1368-
- Founded by Zhu Yuanzhang in 1368 -> Hongwu
- expels the Mongols
- reduced texes, improves agriculture and trade
- confucian values reinstated
- expanded power of the emperor
- killed thousands of his rivals-especially like flaying(sp?) people
Ming Dynasty: Hongwu’s son, Yonglo takes power in 1402
- Moves capital to Beijing
- builds the forbidden city; palace comples in Beijing
- European invention impresses officials
- sponsors sea voyages of Zheng He, Muslim admiral to africa and other places became too expensive and stopped in 1433
Ming Dynasty: late 1500 - decline
- distrust of european trade/missionaries
- did admit Mateo Ricci, 1583, Italian Jesuit
- Mongol threat to the north
- strengthened the Great Wall
- Agricultural growth to irrigation policies and new crops from the Americas
- led to population growth
- led to more cities
- led to more industry (but still largely agricultural)
Ming Dynasty: decline in the late 1500s
- corruption weak leaders
- crop yield declined due to harsh weather
- an epidemic sparked a peasant revolt
Who defeated the Ming Dynasty and when?
Manchu 1644
What dynasty succeeded the Ming Dynasty?
Qing
During which period did the Qing Dynasty exist?
1644-1911
What were the features of the Qing Dynasty?
- they were foreigners who respected Chinese culture
- kept separate from Chinese in many ways (no intermarrying, no footbinding)
- equal distribution of government jobs
- civil service exam
Who ruled Qing Dynasty from 1661-1772?
Kangxi
What did Kangxi implement?
- reduced peasant taxes
- expanded the empire
- supported arts and education
Who ruled Qing Dynasty from 1736-1796?
Qianlong
What happened during Qianlong’s rule?
- conquers Taiwan, Mongolia, and Tibet
- ecomony boomed
- continued isolationist policy
- Lord George McCartney in 1793 wanted to change isolationist policy
What were the three facets of the Qing political institutions?
- Devotion to Confucianism
- two-pronged strategy to protect Manchus ethnicity
- manchus were defined legally distinct- Manchu nobles retained aristocratic priviledges
- Other manchus assigned farmland and organized into military units call banners
- Dyarchy: important administrative positions shared equally by Chinese and Manchu
What happened to China on the eve of Western onslaught?
- Military confrontation
- pressure for trade
- Russian envoys ignored the tribute system and refused to perform the kowtow
- the East India Company established first trading post at Canton
- uneven balance of trade led british to press for liberation of trade restrictions
- Qianlang contemptuously dismissed the British request
What happened to population during Qing Dynasty?
- population exploded
- center of gravity shift to the south
- in 1390 population increased to 300 million
What happed during the seeds of industrialization?
- mercantile class under firm control over the state
- preference for agriculture
- heavy taxes on manufacturing and commerce
- intellectual environment was in favor of continutiy over change and tradition over innovation
What were some of the features of daily life during the Qing Dynasty?
- Family
- ideal family unit was the joint family
- beyond the joint family was the clan, an extended kinship unit
- women
- subordinate to husband
- female children were less desirable
- in theory inferior to men but not always the case
What were some of the cultural developments during the Qing Dynasty?
- rise of Chinese novel
- characterized by realism with vivid portraits of society
- moral lessons-villians were punished and virtuous were rewarded
- art of Ming and Qing
- artistic brillaince
- grandiose architecture: Imperial City of Beijing (Forbidden city)
- carved laquer ware and colored ***(sp?)
- silk production at peak
- blue and white porcelain
Who were the three great unifiers of Japan? When did they rule?
Oda Nobunaga (1568-1582)
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1582-1598)
Tokugawa Leyasu (1598-1616)
What were Oda Nobunaga’s accomplishments?
seized the imperial capital
replaced the shogun
consolidated his rule throughout the central plains
What were Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s accomplishments?
extended power to the southern islands
persuaded the daimyo to accept his authority
What were Tokugawa Leyasu’s accomplishments?
named himself shogun
most powerful and longest-lasting of all Japanese Shogunates
Who and when was the Tokugawa Shogunate established?
by Tokugawa Leyasu in 1603
When did Tokugawa shogunate end?
1867
