Chap 2 Flashcards
(38 cards)
what is the nature of human development?
we grow up from childhood to adolescence to adulthood to old age , and we change physically ,emotionally , cognitively and morally
what do developmental psychologists do?
they study the changes through which human behavior pass as we grow older
what are the basics of human development ?
-growth = quantitative change in size , complexity and proportion
-maturation = qualitative change from inherited tendencies
-learning= change in behavior that comes from practice and experience
define development
it is a progressive series of orderly , coherent and life long process of physical , cognitive , emotional and language changes throughout the life span of an individual due to nature and nurture
what resulted in human development
the interconnection and the totality of the heredity and environment
Developmental psychology
it examines how people are continually developing , physically , cognitively and socially from infancy to old age
what are the principles of human development?
- cephalocaudal principle : development proceeds from head to tail- head to lower body parts
- proximodistal principal : development proceeds from the center of the body to the outer body parts
List of things about development
there are 5 aspects
1. it depends on maturation and learning
2. it proceeds from the simple to complex
3. it is a continuous process
4. it proceeds from the general to specific
5. there are different individual rates of development
what are the aspects of development
-physical
-cognitive
-language
-social
-emotional
-moral
-gender
what are the 4 different theories of human development
- cognitive development theory
- psychosexual
- psychosocial
- Moral
What is the the cognitive development theory
it is a theory developed by jean piaget
it refers to how a child perceives , thinks, and gains an understanding of their world through the interaction and influence of genetic and learned factors.
what are the 2 processes of cognitive development
Assimilation= use of old method to deal w/ new situations
Accommodation= changing of old methods to deal w/ new situations , modification
what are the 4 stages of cognitive development
- sensorimotor
- preoperational
- concrete operational
- formal operational
what are the limitations in preoperational stage ?
- ego-centrism
2.lack of ability to decenter - lack of ability to reverse
- lack of ability of conservation
- animism
5.realism
6.artificalism
what are the limitations in formal operational stage ?
Adolescence ego-centrism
imaginary audience
personal fable
what is the psychosexual development theory
it is by Freud Sigmund
it focuses on the shift of gratification areas or erogenous zones and the fixations that could occur.
Define fixations
Fixations are conflicts that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occurred , potentially through negligence of needs
what are the stages of psychosexual development
- the oral stage
- the anal stage
- the phallic stage
- the latency stage
- the genital stage
what are the erogenous zone and fixations from the oral stage and conflicts from the first stage
zone: the mouth
fixation: overindulging adult
conflict : weaning
what are the erogenous zone , fixation and conflict from the anal stage
zone: anus
fixation: 1. rebelling 2. fear of messing up
conflict : toilet training
what are the erogenous zone , fixation and conflict from the phallic stage
zone : the genitals
conflict : imitate the same sex parent
fixation : mama’s boy’s and daddy issues looking for older men to marry
what are the Oedipus and Electra complex
Oedipus complex = is attraction towards opposite sex parent and rivalry towards same sex parent
Electra complex
what are the erogenous zone , fixation and conflict from the latency stage ?
Zone: none
none
none
what are the erogenous zone , fixation and conflict from the genital stage
zone: genital, sexual intercourse
