Chap 2

Question 1

CMYK

Answer 1

a method of specifying color using mixtures of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black; primarily used in printing and publishing

Question 2

RGB

Answer 2

a method of specifying color using mixtures of red, green, and blue on scales of 0 to 255 each

Question 3

HSV

Answer 3

a method of specifying color based on hue saturation, or value

Question 4

Hue

Answer 4

the shade of a color, such as red, green, or blue, measured on a 0 to 360 scale

Question 5

Saturation

Answer 5

the intensity of a color measured on a scale of 0 to 100

Question 6

Value

Answer 6

the darkness or lightness of a color on a scale of 0 to 100

Question 7

alpha

Answer 7

a color parameter that defines the opacity or transparency of a color

Question 8

divergent color set

Answer 8

a set of colors with a neutral middle value that grades to increasingly saturated colors of different hues above and below

Question 9

convention

Answer 9

a symbol for mapping that is commonly chosen and understood to have particular meaning

Question 10

connotation

Answer 10

a typical emotional reaction elicited by certain colors or symbols

Question 11

nominal data

Answer 11

values that name or identify an objet, such as a street name

Question 12

categorical data

Answer 12

data that place objects into unranked groups; examples are land use and geology data

Question 13

unique values map

Answer 13

a map in which each attribute value is assigned its own symbol

Question 14

ordinal data

Answer 14

data values that indicate a rank or ordering system

Question 15

quantitative data

Answer 15

data represent phenomena that fall along a regularly spaced measurement scale, such as distance or rainfall

Question 16

ratio data

Answer 16

data having a regular scale of measurement and a natural zero point, such as precipitation or population

Question 17

interval data

Answer 17

values that follow a regular scale but have no natural zero point, such as degrees Celsius or pH

Question 18

graduated symbol map

Answer 18

a map that divides numeric data from a line or point feature class into classes based on value and displays the classes with different size or thickness of symbols

Question 19

proportional symbol map

Answer 19

a map that displays attribute values with marker or line symbols that are proportional in size relative to the value of the feature

Question 20

graduated color map

Answer 20

a map that divides numeric data from a polygon feature class into classes based on value and displays the classes with different colors

Question 21

choropleth map

Answer 21

a map in which each feature, such as a state, is colored according to the values in a data field

Question 22

aggregate

Answer 22

to combine measurements from one set of spatial units to a larger unit using regular or hierarchical scheme, such as adding county populations to determine the state populations

Question 23

modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP)

Answer 23

statistical and visual issues caused by aggregating measured data using arbitrary areal units such as political boundaries

Question 24

normalize

Answer 24

to divide the values of an attribute field by the total of the field or by the values in another field

Question 25

dot density map

Answer 25

a map representing attribute values by a proportional number of randomly placed dots

Question 26

chart map

Answer 26

a map showing several different attributes in chart form, with one chart for each feature

Question 27

bivariate choropleth map

Answer 27

a graduated colors map that compares the spatial patterns of two different numeric attributes by mixing two ranges of colors together

Question 28

thematic raster

Answer 28

a raster that contains categorical or nominal data values, such as land use codes or soil types

Question 29

continuous

Answer 29

data that take on a variety of values and that change rapidly across a data set, such as elevation

Question 30

discrete

Answer 30

described data that represent distinct spatial objects such as wells, roads, or counties

Question 31

classified

Answer 31

a raster display method that divides values into two or more groups based on their numeric values

Question 32

stretched

Answer 32

a display method that spreads the data values over the entire range of symbols available; see also stretch

Question 33

slice

Answer 33

to divide the values in a raster into a specified number of even classes

Question 34

Tobler's law

Answer 34

measurements taken at locations close together are more likely to be similar than measures taken at locations further apart

Question 35

image

Answer 35

a raster data layer, usually referring to a taster that displays brightness values, as in a photograph

Question 36

RGB composite

Answer 36

an image displayed by assigning one band of brightness information to each red, green, and blue color gun in a display monitor

Question 37

histogram

Answer 37

a graph showing the number of values from a data set that occur in evenly spaced ranges known as bins

Question 38

colormap

Answer 38

a set of defined colors matched to specific image pixel values, which determines how the image will appear

Question 39

classification

Answer 39

assigning features to two or more groups based on numeric values in an attribute field

Question 40

Jenks method

Answer 40

a way to classify numeric data into ranges defined by naturally occurring gaps in the data histogram

Question 41

equal interval

Answer 41

a classification method in which the user specifies a number of classes that have equal size ranges

Question 42

defined interval

Answer 42

a classification method in which the user specifies a size range for all the classes

Question 43

quantile

Answer 43

a classification method that divides the data into the specified number of quantiles so that each class has the same number of features

Question 44

geometric interval

Answer 44

a classification method that bases the class intervals on a geometric series in which each class is multiplied by a constant coefficient to produce the next higher class

Question 45

standard deviation

Answer 45

a classification scheme in which the class breaks are based on the standard deviation values of the data being mapped

Question 46

layer

Answer 46

a reference to a feature class and its associated properties

Question 47

source data (2)

Answer 47

1) a spatial data file that provides the features for a map layer 2) the original information used to develop a spatial data set

Question 48

layer properties

Answer 48

settings that control how a data set is to be displayed or viewed

Question 49

layer file

Answer 49

a file that stores a pointer to spatial data along with information on how to display it

Question 50

style

Answer 50

a collection of map symbols and colors that are stored together and used together

Question 51

How does a map layer differ from its source data? a-It stores only the data location and its display properties, not the actual features. b-It refers only to spatial features and not to the attribute values. c-It refers only to data stored in the home geodatabase, not data outside the project. d-If refers only to local data, not data accessed through an Internet portal.

Answer 51

a- it stores only the data location and its display properties, not the actual features

Question 52

In a(n) _____________ classification, the user defines the number of classes and the software determines a single range width for all classes. a- quantile b- defined interval c- equal interval d- standard deviation e- Jenks

Answer 52

c- equal interval

Question 53

The ____________ classification is especially useful for strongly skewed map values. a- defined interval b- equal interval c- standard deviation d- geometric interval e- quantile

Answer 53

d- geometric interval

Question 54

To create a map showing median rent with evenly spaced classes $100 apart, you would use the _____________ classification. a- standard deviation b- equal interval c- Jenks Natural Breaks d- quantile e- defined interval

Answer 54

e- defined interval

Question 55

A map based on categorical data is by its nature unaffected by MAUP issues. a- True, because categorical data can't be normalized. b- True, because aggregation only affects quantities data. c- False, because categories can still be affected by the visual MAUP issue. d- False, because categories are portrayed by hues instead of values.

Answer 55

c- False, because categories can still be affected by the visual MAUP issue

Question 56

MAUP issues are usually addressed in a map by a-normalizing the feature value by the feature area b- using a divergent rather than a monochromatic color scheme c- changing the scale of the map d- changing the classification method

Answer 56

a- normalizing the feature value by the feature area

Question 57

A soil classification (sandy, loamy, silty, etc.) would be considered to be ______________ data. a- ordinal b- categorical c- interval d- ratio

Answer 57

b- categorical

Question 58

A map of land use in Boston could be best portrayed using the ____________ map type. a- dot density b- graduated color c- graduated symbol d- unique values e- chart

Answer 58

d- unique values

Question 59

Which one of these map types should NOT be used for a map of county populations? a- graduated color b- graduated symbol c- unique values d- chart e- proportional symbol

Answer 59

c- unique values

Question 60

Normalizing data in a graduated color map means that you a- divide each mapped value by the total of all values in the field b- divide each mapped value by the value in a different field c- either of these responses d- neither of these responses

Answer 60

c- either of these responses

Question 61

If the following information is being displayed on a map, for which one is MAUP most likely to be an issue? a- earthquake magnitudes b- county alcohol sales c- river flow volumes d-soil type

Answer 61

b- county alcohol sales

Question 62

The number of bushels of wheat per county would be considered to be _____________ data. a- categorical b- ratio c- interval d- ordinal

Answer 62

b- ratio

Question 63

definition of the term "RGB composite".

Answer 63

method used to display three raster bands simultaneously

Question 64

definition of the term "aggregation".

Answer 64

to sum measurements within pre-defined boundaries

Question 65

definition of the term "stretched".

Answer 65

method to enhance image display across the entire range of available symbols

Question 66

definition of the term "interval data".

Answer 66

data values measured on a regular scale but without a natural zero

Question 67

definition of the term "geometric interval".

Answer 67

a classification that multiplies each class range by a constant coefficient

Question 68

definition of the term "chart map".

Answer 68

a map that shows a small graph from several fields instead of a symbol from one field

Question 69

definition of the term "dot density" map.

Answer 69

a map that places random points in polygons using a given proportion

Question 70

Tobler's Law states that _________. a- unclassed maps are more objective than classed maps b- hue should be used to represent categories; saturation/value for quantities c- arbitrary aggregation schemes may result in MAUP issues d- nearby measurements tend to be more similar than values at greater distances e- none of these responses describes Tobler's Law

Answer 70

d- nearby measurements tend to be more similar than values at greater distances

Question 71

Why is it usually okay to use more classes for continuous raster data than for polygon data? a- because the raster values often have an underlying structure or trend b- because rasters have more pixels than maps have polygons c- because the raster classification method is more sophisticated d- because rasters do not have boundaries

Answer 71

a- because the raster values often have an underlying structure or trend

Question 72

Which one of the following would be considered a thematic raster? a- a screenshot of a radar precipitation map b- a raster of geologic rock units c- a raster image from an aerial photograph d- a raster image from a satellite

Answer 72

b- a raster of geologic rock units

Question 73

Which one of the following map variables would be best represented by changes in symbol size? a- winning political party of counties b- differences in land cover class c- status of a state-managed highway versus a county-managed highway d-number of lanes of roads

Answer 73

d- number of lanes of roads

Question 74

Which one of the following map variables would be best represented by changes in symbol size? a- magnitudes of earthquakes b- types of volcanos c- classification of well categories d- political party winners of congressional districts

Answer 74

a- magnitudes of earthquakes

Question 75

The saturation vector in the HSV model can be described as a- which color pigment is added to a can of white base paint. b- how much color pigment is added to a can of white base paint. c-how much black pigment is added to a can of base paint. d-how full a can of base paint is.

Answer 75

b- how much color pigment is added to a can of white base paint