Chap 4 Flashcards
(72 cards)
1
Q
coordinate pair
A
a single pair of x and y values indicating position in a planar coordinate system
2
Q
coordinate space
A
the range of x and y values onto which maps are plotted
3
Q
coordinate space
A
the range of x and y values onto which maps are plotted
4
Q
origin
A
the (0,0) point of a coordinate system
5
Q
origin
A
the (0,0) point of a coordinate system
6
Q
map units
A
the units of the coordinate system in which a map is stored or displayed
7
Q
extent
A
the range of x-y coordinates displayed in a map or stored in a data layer
8
Q
coordinate system (2)
A
1) a specified range of x-y values onto which a map is plotted
2) the definition of a coordinate space used by a map layer, including the ellipsoid, datum, and projection
9
Q
what does GPS stand for?
A
global positioning system
10
Q
what does UTM stand for?
A
universal transverse mercator
11
Q
degrees
A
the measurement units used in the spherical coordinate system; a circle has 360 degrees
12
Q
longitude
A
a spherical unit measuring angular distance east or west from the Prime Meridian
13
Q
Prime Meridian
A
the line of zero longitude on the earth, passing through Greenwich, England
14
Q
latitude
A
a spherical unit measuring angular distance north or south from the equator
15
Q
latitude
A
a spherical unit measuring angular distance north or south from the equator
16
Q
geographic coordinate system (GCS)
A
a spherical coordinate system of degrees of latitude and longitude that is used to locate features on the earth’s surface
17
Q
datum
A
a combination of an earth ellipsoid and a reference point to reduce mapping discrepancies
18
Q
spheroid of ellipsoid
A
a spheroidal volume with unequal axes, used to approximate the shape of the earth in map projections
19
Q
geoid
A
the shape of the earth as defined by mean sea level and affected by topographic and gravitational factors
20
Q
transformation
A
conversion of one geographic coordinate system (GCS) and datum to another
21
Q
projection
A
a mathematical transformation that converts spherical units of latitude and longitude to a planar x-y coordinate system
22
Q
cylindrical projection
A
a map projection derived by projecting spherical latitude-longitude values onto a cylinder wrapped about a sphere
23
Q
transverse projection
A
a map projection in which spherical coordinates are converted to locations on a cylinder or cone tangent to the sphere along a line of longitude
24
Q
oblique projection
A
a map projection in which location on a sphere are projected to a cylinder or cone of paper at an arbitrary angle
25
conic projection
a map projection derived by projecting latitude-longitude values on a paper cone covering a sphere
26
tangent projection
a map projection in which spherical coordinates are projected upon a surface that lies tangent to the sphere along one line of latitude
27
standard parallel
parameter of a map projection indicating the latitude(s) at which the projection surface lies tangent or secant to the sphere
28
secant projection
a map projection in which spherical coordinates are projected onto a surface that intersects the sphere along two great circles
29
azimuthal projection
a map projection onto a flat plane that is tangent or secant to the earth's surface
30
stereographic projection
a map projection in which locations on a sphere are projected onto a planar surface
31
orthographic projections
a map projection in which locations on a sphere are projected onto a planar surface
32
what are the 4 properties of map features may be distorted in a projection?
area
distance
shape
direction
33
parameters (2)
1) a specific value associated with map projections that define how the map appears
2) a variable that serves as an input to a model
34
central meridian
the central longitude of a map projection for which the x coordinate equals zero
35
latitude of origin (reference latitude)
the reference latitude of a map projection where the y value is zero
36
false northing
an arbitrary y-coordinate translation applied to a map projection, usually to ensure that all values are positive
37
false easting
an arbitrary x-coordinate translation applied to a map projection, usually to ensure that all values are positive
38
universal transverse mercator (UTM)
a family of map projections defined for 60 zones around the world and based on a transverse cylindrical projection
39
state plane coordinate system (SPCS)
a group of projections defined for different regions of the united states and designed to minimize map distortions
40
display units
the units in which the current x-y location of the cursor on the map is reported
41
spatial reference
the complete description of how the spatial data are stored for a feature class that includes the coordinate system, the X/Y Domain, and the precision
42
X/Y Domain
the maximum allowable range of values stored by a feature class
43
X/Y Domain
the maximum allowable range of values stored by a feature class
44
resolution (2)
1) the ground area represented by one cell value in a raster
2) the default storage precision of a vector data set
45
extent
the range of x-y coordinates displayed in a map or stored in a data layer
46
project tool
a tool that converts a feature class from one coordinate system to another
47
define projection tool
a tool to guide the user through the task of assigning a coordinate system to a spatial data layer
48
1- conic
2- azimuthal
3- transverse cylindrical
4- cylindrical
a- short tunnel
b- upright can of soda
c- table top
d- Harry Potter's hat
1- d
2- c
3- a
4- b
49
1- north america equal area conic
2- UTM Zone 12
3- State Plane
4- USA equidistant conic
a- Calculating driving times between cities in the United States
b- Comparing areas of deer habitat in different regions of the US, Canada, and Mexico
c-Analyzing areas of land cover types in the N-S running Rocky Mountains of the United States
d- Constructing a database of South Carolina counties
1- b
2- c
3- d
4- a
50
How many of the following are acceptable ways to convert a data set to a new coordinate system (CS)?
Choose all that apply.
a- Use the Environment settings to set the output CS.
b- Change the CS in the data set properties in Catalog pane.
c- Export the features from ArcGIS Pro using the map CS.
d- Change the CS in the metadata.
e- Use the Define Projection tool to set the CS.
f- Use the Project tool to create a new data set in a different CS.
a- use the environment settings to set the output CS
c- export the features from ArcGIS Pro using the map CS
f- use the Project tool to create a new data set in a different CS
51
In which of the following maps will a scale bar not correctly represent the distances for the entire map?
a- a Mercator projection map of the United States
b- a UTM Zone 13 projection map of Cheyenne, Wyoming
c- a State Plane projection map of Vermont
d- a Conic Equidistant projection map of the United States
a- a Mercator projection map of the United States
52
In which of the following maps should you use a map grid showing lat-lon lines rather than a north arrow?
a- a UTM Zone 13 projection map of the Black Hills
b- a Lambert Conformal Conic projection of the United States
c- a Mercator cylindrical map projection of the United States
d- a Colorado State Plane projection showing Denver
b- a Lambert Conformal Conic projection of the United States
53
If you are creating a map of the United States comparing the areas of different weather systems, the best projection to use would be _____________.
a- a geographic coordinate system
b- a conic projection
c- a cylindrical projection
d- a State Plane coordinate system
e- a UTM coordinate system
b- a conic projection
54
Why is it poor practice to create a map layout showing unprojected data (i.e., data in a geographic coordinate system)?
a- East-west distances and shapes are severely distorted at higher latitudes.
b- Unprojected data are in degrees, making it difficult to measure distance.
c- Unprojected data may come in several different datums.
d- Geographic coordinate systems have fewer symbols available for use.
a- East-west distances and shapes are severely distorted at higher latitudes
55
definition of the term "ellipsoid"
a- the shape of the earth defined gravitationally by mean sea level
b- a spheroidal volume with unequal axes, used to approximate the earth's shape
c- a spherical coordinate system of degrees of latitude and longitude
d- an approximation of the shape of the earth, includes a spheroid and translation
b- a spheroidal volume with unequal axes, used to approximate the earth's shape
56
definition of the term "standard parallel"
a- the latitude of a map projection where the y value is zero
b- the central longitude of a map projection for which the x coordinate equals zero
c- an arbitrary y-coordinate translation applied to a map projection
d- a latitude at which the projection surface lies tangent or secant to the sphere
d- a latitude at which the projection surface lies tangent or secant to the sphere
57
definition of the term "secant"
a- a map projection with two standard parallels
b- the latitude of a map projection where the y value is zero
c- the central longitude of a map projection for which the x coordinate equals zero
d- a map projection with one standard parallel
a- a map projection with two standard parallels
58
definition of the term "degrees"
a- the measurement units of a conic coordinate system
b- the measurement units of an azimuthal coordinate system
c- the measurement units used in a geographic coordinate system
d- the measurement units of a cylindrical coordinate system
c- the measurement units used in a geographic coordinate system
59
definition of the term "geoid"
a- a spheroidal volume with unequal axes, used to approximate the earth's shape
b- a spherical coordinate system of degrees of latitude and longitude
c- an approximation of the shape of the earth, includes a spheroid and translation
d- the shape of the earth defined gravitationally by mean sea level
d- the shape of the earth defined gravitationally by mean sea level
60
definition of the term "latitude of origin"
a- the latitude of a map projection where the y value is zero
b- the latitude(s) at which the projection surface lies tangent or secant to the spheroid
c- the line of zero latitude on the earth, passing through Greenwich, England
d- the central latitude of a map projection for which the x coordinate equals zero
a- the latitude of a map projection where the y value is zero
61
Degrees of latitude and longitude measure...
a- angles from the center of an ellipsoid.
b- distances in the y-direction.
c- distances in both x- and y-directions.
d- distances in the x-direction.
a- angles from the center of an ellipsoid
62
The distance represented by a degree at the equator is approximately
a- 20 miles
b- 50 kilometers
c- 110 kilometers
d- 200 miles
c- 110 kilometers
63
The correct term for converting from one datum to another is
a- projection
b- georeferencing
c- resampling
d- transformation
d- transformation
64
The box that shows the current x-y values of the cursor location in ArcGIS Pro shows them in which units?
a- Display units set by the user in the map properties
b- Always in the map units of the map view
c- Always in degrees-minutes-seconds
d- Always in the units stored in the data set
a- Display units set by the user in the map properties
65
The box that shows the current x-y values of the cursor location in ArcGIS Pro shows them in which units?
a- Display units set by the user in the map properties
b- Always in the map units of the map view
c- Always in degrees-minutes-seconds
d- Always in the units stored in the data set
a- Display units set by the user in the map properties
66
Because it is usually a good idea to know when layers in a map have different datums, ____________.
a- Pro always warns the user when this situation occurs.
b- the user may set Pro to issue a warning when this situation occurs.
c- Pro will not add the data to the map until the situation is corrected.
d- Pro will not allow data with different datums to be stored in the home geodatabase.
b- the user may set Pro to issue a warning when this situation occurs
67
When two layers with different coordinate systems are intersected (such as State Plane and UTM), by default the output layer coordinate system will be ______________.
a- always in GCS
b- nothing—it can't overlay when two CS are present in the inputs
c- the same CS as the map
d- the same as the first layer input to the Intersect tool
e- always in UTM
d- the same as the first layer input to the Intersect tool
68
On the fly projection in ArcGIS Pro means that ____________.
a- data sets may be stored in different coordinate systems yet displayed together
b- all data sets are converted to UTM for display in a map view
c- data sets may be displayed using many different symbols and colors
d- maps may be shown on the computer screen or on a classroom screen
e- data from different satellite sensors must be converted before display
a- data sets may be stored in different coordinate systems yet displayed together
69
If you have a roads shapefile with a UTM coordinate system and a rivers shapefile with a GCS, the WRONG way to try to display them together in UTM is ____________.
a- change the CS of the rivers shapefile to UTM using the Define Projection tool
b- project the rivers shapefile to UTM using the Project tool
c- set the map coordinate system to UTM in ArcGIS Pro
d- all of these methods will work
a- change the CS of the rivers shapefile to UTM using the Define Projection tool
70
Which ONE of the following statements is true?
a- A positive false easting shifts a map to the right of the origin.
b- A negative false easting shifts a map down from the origin.
c- A negative false northing shifts a map left of the origin.
d- A positive false northing shifts a map right of the origin.
a- A positive false easting shifts a map to the right of the origin
71
Mercator is an example of a(n) ______________ projection.
a- equal-area
b- secant conic
c- cylindrical
d- azimuthal
e- tangent conic
c- cylindrical
72
A secant conic projection has ______________.
a- one standard parallel
b- two central meridians
c- two standard parallels
d- a Prime Meridian
e- None of these responses is correct
c- two standard parellels
