Chap 2: Neuro Science

Question 0

The part of a neuron that receives information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body

Answer 0

Dendrite

Question 1

Cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to perform information-processing task.

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

The part of a neuron that coordinates information-processing tasks and keeps the cell alive.

Answer 2

Cell body

Question 3

The part of a neuron that transmits information to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Answer 3

Axon

Question 4

An insulating layer of fatty materials.

Answer 4

Myelin sheath

Question 5

Support cells found in the nervous system.

Answer 5

Glial cells

Question 6

How many cells are in a person’a brain ?

Answer 6

100 billion cells

Question 7

The junction btw the axon of one neuron and the den tribes or cell body of another.

Answer 7

Synapse

Question 8

(Major three types of neuron )

Receives information from external world and convey this info to the brain via special cord

Answer 8

Sensory neurons

Ex touch sound taste smell

Question 9

(Three types of neuron )

Carrying signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement.

Answer 9

Motor neurons

Loopoong spinal neuron !!

Question 10

(There types of neuron)

Connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons.

Answer 10

Interneurons

Doing sole tasks, complexed tasks

Question 11

Assemble of dendrites
Interneurons
Pass into the cell parts of brain.

Answer 11

The purkinje cell of cerebellum

Question 12

Single long dendrite among many smaller dendrites.

In the cortex

Answer 12

Hippocampal pyramidal cell

Question 13

Sensory neuron
Found in retinas of the eyes
Single axon and a single dendrite
In the eye

Answer 13

Bipolar cells

Question 14

The difference in electric change btw the inside and outside if a neurons’ sell membrane.

• 70 millivolt (when electricity is ceased)
• 52 millivolt (when electricity is activated.)

Answer 14

Resting potential

Question 15

An electric signal that is conducted along a neurons’ axon to a synapse.

Answer 15

Action potential

Question 16

The time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated.

Answer 16

Refractory period

Question 17

Knoblike structures that branch out from an axon.

Answer 17

Terminal buttons

Question 18

Chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neurons’ dendrites

Answer 18

Neurotransmitters

Question 19

Cell membrane that receive the neuro transmitter

Answer 19

Receptors

Question 20

How can be the Neurotransmitters stopped relaying to ?

Two ways

Answer 20

1: reuptake occurs
2: they are destroyed by enzymes I. The synapse (enzyme deactivation
)

Question 21

(Types of Neurotransmitters)
Involved in a number of function, including voluntary motor control.
Found in heart
If people lucked, a petal may have severe memory impairments.

Answer 21

Acetylcholine

Question 22

To regulate motor behavior, motivation, pleasure, and emotional arousal.

Large amount of dopamine: schizophrenia
Low amount: parkinson

Answer 22

Dopamine

Question 23

A major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in information transmission throughout the brain

Too much glutamate: overstimulation the brain , causing seizures(hossa). over active.

Answer 23

Glutamate

Question 24

The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Stopping the firing neuron. Too little GABA cause overactive.

Answer 24

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Question 25

A neurotransmitter that influences mood and arousal. Vigilance(警戒)

Answer 25

Norepinephrine

Question 26

Involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating, and aggressive behavior.

Answer 26

Serotonin

Question 27

Chemicals that act within the pain pathways and emotion centers of the brain. Endurance Runners' high

Answer 27

Endorphins

Question 28

Drugs increasing the action of Neurotransmitters

Answer 28

Agonist

Question 29

Drugs increase the production of neurotransmitters

Answer 29

L-dopa

Question 30

Drugs increase the release of Neurotransmitters

Answer 30

Amphetamine

Question 31

Drug bind to autoreceptors and block their inhibitory effect

Answer 31

Clonidine (for high blood pressure)

Question 32

Drugs bind to postsynaptic receptors and activate then or increase the neurotransmitter effect

Answer 32

Nicotine

Question 33

Drugs that block the function of neurotransmitter

Answer 33

Antagonist

Question 34

Drugs block the production of Neurotransmitters

Answer 34

AMPT

Question 35

Drugs cause depletion of Neurotransmitters in vesicles

Answer 35

Reserpine

Question 36

Drugs block the release of Neurotransmitters

Answer 36

Botulinum toxin

Question 37

Drugs activate auto receptors so that they inhibit release of Neurotransmitters

Answer 37

Caffeine

Question 38

Drugs bind to postsynaptic receptors and block neurotransmitter binding

Answer 38

Propranolol(beta-blocker) | Haldol (antipsychotic drug)

Question 39

A interacting network of neurons that conveys electrochemical information throughout the body

Answer 39

Nervous system

Question 40

The part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 40

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 41

The part of the nervous system that connects the central nervous system y the body's organs and muscles

Answer 41

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 42

A drug to reduce the ability to recognize the expression if fear

Answer 42

Cocaine

Question 43

A drug blocking serotonin and making them stay longer in synapse For patient suffering from clinical depression

Answer 43

Prozac

Question 44

To obstruct a receptor site. | Heart rate slowdown

Answer 44

Propranalol

Question 45

A set of nerves that information into and out of the central nervous system. Controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Answer 45

Somatic nervous system

Question 46

Australia set is nerves that carries involuntary and automatic commands that control blood vessels, body organs, and glands.

Answer 46

Automatic nerves system(ANS)

Question 47

A set of nerves that prepares the body for action in threatening situation. (Arousing)

Answer 47

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 48

A set of nerves that helps the body return to a normal resting state. (Calming )

Answer 48

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 49

Simple pathways in the nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contraction.

Answer 49

spinal reflex

Question 50

The nervous system which is composed of the spinal cord and the brain.

Answer 50

The central nervous system

Question 51

What is the major divisions of the brain ? (three parts)

Answer 51

Forebrain,Midbrain, Hindbrain

Question 52

An area of the brain that coordinate information coming into and out of the spinal cord. Ex: alterness, motor

Answer 52

hindbrain

Question 53

(Four function of the hindbrain ) Extension of the spinal cord. Ex: heart rate, circulation, respiration

Answer 53

Medulla | 首の方に伸びる長いやつの、二番目のコブ

Question 54

(Four function of the hindbrain) | To regulate sleep, wakefulness, and level of arousal

Answer 54

Reticular formation | 首に伸びるやつの、芯のとこ

Question 55

(Four function of the hindbrain ) | To control fine motor skills. Orchestrate the proper sequence movements when we ride a bike.

Answer 55

Cerebellum | 小脳

Question 56

(Four function of the hindbrain ) A structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain. Bridge

Answer 56

Pons

Question 57

(Two function of the midbrain ) Involved in movement and arousal. Helping to orient an organism toward sensory stimuli.

Answer 57

Tegmentum | ひらぺったいほう

Question 58

(Two function of the midbrain ) Orienting an organism in the environment. Receiving stimuli from the eyes, ears and skin. 静かな部屋で時計の音が気になるやつ

Answer 58

Tectum | ぶどうみたいの

Question 59

(Seven functions of the forebrain) | The outermost layer of the brain , visible to the naked eye, and divided into two hemispheres.

Answer 59

Cerebral cortex | 表面

Question 60

Areas of the forebrain housed under the cerebral cortex near the very corner of the brain.

Answer 60

Subcortical structures 脳のめちゃ中心 丸いツヤツヤしたやつとかのやつ

Question 61

(Five functions Of Subcortical structures) A function which relays and filters information from the senses and transmits the information to the cerebral cortex. Receives input all the major sense expect smell.

Answer 61

Thalamus | 寝てるとき情報が入るのを遮断する

Question 62

(Five functions Of Subcortical structure ) | Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst and sexual behavior.

Answer 62

Hypothalamus | 裏にあるやつ

Question 63

(Five functions Of Subcortical structure ) The "master gland" if the body!s hormone-producing system, hunch release hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the body.

Answer 63

Pituitary gland

Question 64

Part a group of forebrain structures including the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and the hippocampus which are involved in motivation, emotion, learning, and memory.

Answer 64

Lambic system

Question 65

Critical for creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in order parts if the cerebral cortex.

Answer 65

Hippocampus | Imomushi

Question 66

Plays a central role in many emotional processes, particularly the formation of emotional memories. Especially fear

Answer 66

Amygdala | Armando

Question 67

(Subcortical area ) | A set of Subcortical structures that directs intentional movement.

Answer 67

Basal ganglia

Question 68

(Cerebral cortex) To connect large areas of the cerebral cortex on each side of the brain and supports communication of information across the hemisphere.

Answer 68

Corpus callosum

Question 69

(Cerebral cortex) Process visual information On the back of cerebral cortex

Answer 69

Occipital lobe

Question 70

(Cerebral cortex) Processing information about touch Middle of cerebral cortex

Answer 70

Parietal lobe

Question 71

Responsible for hearing and language. | Ears, a speech and words.

Answer 71

Temporal lobe | Side of cerebral cortex

Question 72

(Cerebral cortex) Specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgment. Including motor cortex Thinking, imagining, planning and anticipating.

Answer 72

Frontal lobe I

Question 73

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex.

Answer 73

Association areas

Question 74

Standards if DNA would around each other in a double-helix configuration

Answer 74

Chromosome

Question 75

A measure of the variability of behavioral traits among individuals that can be accounted for by genetic factors

Answer 75

Heritability

Question 76

The unit of hereditary transmission

Answer 76

Gene

Question 77

Strand of DNA would around each other in double-helix configuration

Answer 77

Chromosomes

Question 78

A measure of the variability of behavioral traits among individuals that can be accounted for by genetic factors

Answer 78

Heritability

Question 79

A device used to record electrical activity in the brain

Answer 79

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Question 80

A scanner rotates a device around a person's head and takes a series of X-ray photograph

Answer 80

CT scan

Question 81

A scanner using powerful magnetic pulse and recording how the pulse is absorbed in the brain.

Answer 81

MRI

Question 82

A scanner using no hurtful radiation and injecting into the blood, and seeing the flow.

Answer 82

PET

Question 83

Three points of fMRI

Answer 83

1: fMRI does not require any exposure to radiation. 2: fMRI dan localize changes in brain activity across briefer periods than PET

Question 84

The perceptual experience of one sense that is evoked by another sense.

Answer 84

synesthesia | Nachan

Question 85

Simple stimulation of a sense organ | Light m, sound , smell etc

Answer 85

Sensation

Question 86

The organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation I order to form a mental representation

Answer 86

Perception

Question 87

What takes place when many sensors I the body convert physical signals from the environment into encoded neural signals sent to the central nervous system m.

Answer 87

Transduction

Question 88

Methods that measure the strength of a stimulus and the observer's sensitivity to that stimulus.

Answer 88

Phychophysics

Question 89

The minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus

Answer 89

Absolute threshold

Question 90

The minimal change in a stimulus that can just barely be detected

Answer 90

Just noticeable difference (JND)

Question 91

The just noticeable difference of a stimulus is a constant proportion dispute variations in intensity

Answer 91

Weber's law | Weight is about 2-3%

Question 92

An observation that the response to a stimulus depends both on a person'a sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of noise and on a person's response criterion

Answer 92

Signal detection theory

Question 93

Sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time as an organism adapts to current conditions. 音になれる、光になれる

Answer 93

Sensory adaptation