Chapter 1 phychology

Question 0

Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals.

Answer 0

behavior

Question 1

Our private inner experience of perceptions thoughts, memories, and feelings.

Answer 1

mind

Question 2

The philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn

Answer 2

Nativism

Question 3

The philosophical view that all knowledge is acquired through experience

Answer 3

Philosophical empiricism

Question 4

A now defunct theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics, ran ding from memory to the capacity for happiness, are localized in specific regions of the brain

Answer 4

Phrenology

Question 5

The study of biological processes, especially in the human body

Answer 5

Physiology

Question 6

Sensory input from the environment

Answer 6

Stimulus

Question 7

The amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus

Answer 7

Reaction time

Question 8

A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind

Answer 8

Consciousness

Question 9

The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind

Answer 9

Structuralism

Question 10

The subjective observation of one’s own experience

Answer 10

Introspection

Question 11

He study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment

Answer 11

Functionalism

Question 12

A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences.

Answer 12

Hysteria

Question 13

Signing Freud’s approach to understanding human behavior that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental process in shaping feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.

Answer 13

Psychoanalytic theory

Question 14

A therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders.

Answer 14

Psychoanalysis

Question 15

An approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes te positive potential of human beings.

Answer 15

Humanistic psychology

Question 16

An action or physiological change elicited by a stimulus

Answer 16

response

Question 17

He consequences of a behavior that determine whether it will be more likely that the behavior will occur again

Answer 17

Reinforcement

Question 18

An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves it the scientific study of objectively observable behavior

Answer 18

Behaviorism

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Question 19

Errors if perception, memory, or judgement in Which subjective experience differs from objective reality .

Answer 19

Illusion

Question 20

The mind impose organization on what it perceives, so people don’t see what the experiment actually show a them

Answer 20

Gestalt psychology

Question 21

The scientific study if mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning

Answer 21

Cognitive psychology

Question 22

Links psychological process to activities in the nervous system And other bodily process

Answer 22

Behavioral neuroscience

Mises’ maze

Question 23

The field that attempts to understand the links btw cognitive process and brain activity

Answer 23

Cognitive neuroscience

Question 24

To explain mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by natural selection

Answer 24

Evolutionary psychology

Question 25

The cause Nd consequences of interpersonal behavior

Answer 25

Social psychology

Question 26

The study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological processes of their member

Answer 26

Cultural psychology

Question 27

When a neutral stimulus produces a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally produces a response.

Answer 27

Classical conditioning

Question 28

Something that reliably produces a naturally occurring reaction in an organism ただヨダレでる

Answer 28

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Question 29

A reflexive reaction that is reliably produced by an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 29

``` Unconditioned response (UR) Food ```

Question 30

A stimulus that is initially neutral and produces no reliable response in an organism

Answer 30

``` Conditioned stimulus (CS) Sound of buzzers ```

Question 31

A reaction that caused by a sounds of the buzzer

Answer 31

Conditioned response (CR)

Question 32

Conditioning where the stimulus that functions as the US is actually the CS from an earlier procedure in which it acquired its ability to produce learning

Answer 32

Second-order conditioning

Question 33

The gradual elimination of a learned response that occurs when the US is no longer presented

Answer 33

extinction

Question 34

The tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period

Answer 34

spontaneous recovery

Question 35

CR is observed even though the CS is slightly different from the original one used during acquisition

Answer 35

generalization

Question 36

The capacity to distinguish btw similar but distinct stimuli

Answer 36

Discrimination

Question 37

A propensity for learning particular kinds of associations over others,

Answer 37

Preparedness