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Flashcards in chap 3 Deck (34)
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1
Q

Overheard in a laundry: “What makes me think abortion is murder? When my pediatrician refused to perform an abortion on me, she said she wouldn’t be party to murder. Babies and childbirth are her business, you know.”
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A

appeal to authority

2
Q

John Boehner, then House minority leader, had this to say about a minor provision to expand Medicaid family-planning services in President Obama’s Stimulus plan. “How can you spend hundreds of millions of dollars on contraceptives? How does that stimulate the economy?”
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A

strawman

3
Q

When Barak Obama was a presidential candidate, he included in his policy agenda a plan to “establish a new public insurance program available to Americans who neither qualified for Medicaid or SCHIP nor have access to insurance through their employers.” After Obama was elected and healthcare reform was passed without a public option, he said, “I didn’t campaign on a public option.”
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A

inconsistency

4
Q

Joe Morgan announcing a Giants-Marlins baseball game and commenting on the Marlins pitcher: “He’s been a little erratic, which explains why he hasn’t been consistent.”
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A

begging the question

5
Q

When New York Knicks’ star forward Amar’e Stoudemire visited Israel in 2011, he said it was a “spiritual and educational” experience that motivated him to practice Judaism for cultural and spiritual reasons, not religious ones. “For me,” he said, “it’s about learning the total culture. If you research history, I think we’re all Jewish. It’s the original culture.”
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A

questionable premise

appeal to authority

6
Q

Excerpt from the second President Bush’s 2004 State of the Union address: A strong America must also value the institution of marriage… Congress has already taken a stand on this issue by passing the Defense of Marriage Act signed in 1996 by President Clinton. That statute protects marriage under federal law as the union of a man and a woman, and declares that one state may not redefine marriage for other states. Activist judges, however, have begun redefining marriage by court order, without regard for the will of the people and their elected representatives. On an issue of such great consequence, the people’s voice must be heard. If judges insist on forcing their arbitrary will upon the people, the only alternative left to the people would be the constitutional process. Our nation must defend the sanctity of marriage.
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A

either or

questionable premise

7
Q

Eric Jubler, in an article in which he argued that America should “open up” its wilderness areas: “The purist [conservationist] is, generally speaking, against everything…the priest believes that those who do not agree with him desire to ‘rape the land.’”
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A

strawman

either or

8
Q

At a San Francisco fundraiser in May, 2009, Barack Obama explained and defended the attitudes of Midwest workers in small towns that had undergone steady job loss for 25 years: “it’s not surprising then that they get bitter, they cling to guns or religion or antipathy to people who aren’t like them or anti-immigrant sentiment or anti-trade sentiment as a way to explain their frustrations.
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A

questionable premise

straw man

9
Q

Calvin Coolidge is alleged to have been the first to say this: “We must keep people working- with jobs -because when many people are out of work, unemployment results.
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A

begging the question

10
Q

In an interview with Sarah, Duchess of York, Larry King asked whether she was friends with Prince Charles. She replied, “Well, Larry, the important thing is that I have great respect for the royal family.”
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A

evading the issue

11
Q

Argument in a student essay: “Prostitution should not be legalized because it encourages the breakdown of the family. Nevada, where prostitution is legal in ten counties, has the highest divorce rate in the nation, almost twice as high as the national average.”
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A

suppressed evidence

12
Q

Notice from the Hyatt Regency Hotel in New Orleans: “we are pleased to confirm your reservation. It will be held on a space-available basis.”
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A

inconsistency

13
Q

It is reported that when Socrates was condemned to death his wife cried out, “those wretched judges have condemned him to death unjustly!” To which Socrates is said to have replied, “would you really prefer that I were justly condemned?”
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A

false dilemma

14
Q

The American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology select doctors who are experts in their field to make independent evaluations of cardiovascular science and issue guidelines to doctors in clinical practice. But a study published in 2011 by the Archives of Internal Medicine revealed that more than half the doctors (56 percent of 498) had conflicts of interest. Among those who led the panels, 81 percent had financial interests in companies affected by the guidelines. When the Institute of Medicine (the health branch of the National Academy of Science) recommended that the doctors responsible for setting guidelines cut ties with conflict-of-interest companies, the president of the American Heart Association said that this could limit the number of doctors available for the work, adding that what makes it difficult is that some well-regarded experts in their field have conducted medical research by sponsored companies.
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A

appeal to authority

15
Q

In a segment of the CBS television program 60 Minutes on April 21, 2007, Leslie Stahl questioned Lou Dobbs about a report aired on his program by one of his correspondents that there had been about 900 cases of leprosy in this country over a 40-year period, but 7,000 cases over the past three years. The report was part of a segment on his April 14, 2005 program in which he claimed that “the invasion of illegal aliens is threatening the health of many Americans.” When Leslie Stahl said there didn’t seem to be much evidence to support these statistics, he replied, “Well, I can tell you this. If we report it, it’s a fact.”
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A

questionable premise

16
Q

Question to artist’s model: “Why did he paint you so often? Answer: “Because I’m his model.”
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A

begging the question

17
Q

From a Dr. Joyce Brothers newspaper column: “Question: You should be more fearful of rape at home because rapes occur more frequently in private homes than in back alleys. Answer: TRUE. Studies indicate that more rapes are committed in the victim’s home than in any other place. Almost half took place in either the victim’s home or the assailant’s; one fourth occurred in open spaces; one fifth in automobiles; one twelfth in other indoor locations.”
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A

suppressed evidence

18
Q

From Slander, by Ann Coulter, on the attitudes of liberals: “The liberal catechism includes hatred of Christians, guns, the profit motive, and political speech, and an infatuation with abortion, the environment, and race discrimination (or in the favored parlance of liberals, “affirmative action’).”
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A

straw man

19
Q

From a New Republic review of the James Michener book Iberia: “Michener leads off his chapter on bullfights with an argument between a quintessential American and Spaniard about brutal sports - which the Spaniard wins by pointing out that more young men get killed and maimed every year playing American football than in the bullring.”
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A

questionable premise

20
Q

In the aftermath of a 5.8 magnitude earthquake and the terribly destructive Hurricane Irene, Michele Bachman had this to say at a Florida political rally about God’s message to Washington (August 29, 2011): “I don’t know how much God has to do to get the attention of politicians. We’ve had an earthquake, we’ve had a hurricane. He [God] said, ‘Are you going to start listening to me here? Listen to the American people because the American people are roaring now.
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A

appeal to authority

questionable premise

21
Q

A Washington Monthly article on celebrity chefs (July/August,2001) quoted Evan Kleinman, chef of Angeli Cafe in Los Angeles, as saying: Basically when it comes to food and food supply, I find it frightening that something so fundamental to life has been left to people whose only concern is profit… I mean as far as I can see, because of that, there are only two kinds of people putting food in their mouths- the ones who have lost the notion that food is something made by human hands and then there are others… form whom there’s still some link with food as culture of nurturance.
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A

either or

22
Q

Paraphrase of part of a letter to the editor (Washington Post National Weekly Edition, March 13-19, 1989): “It’s true that the Ayatollah Khomeini has gone too far with his death sentence for author Salman Rushdie [because of his “outrageous” book The Semantic Verses], but Rushdie also has gone too far by offending all Moslems. I am a strong believer in the freedom of speech. However, books like Rushdie’s only create hatred and division and weaken the ties of people to each other. Therefore, his book and others like it should be abolished.
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A

inconsistency

23
Q

When Calvin Klein asked what the secret of his success was, he answered, “I make clothes women want to wear.”
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A

begging the question

evading the issue

24
Q

Extra! (September/October 2007) quoted a Washington Post article (June 10, 2007) arguing that immigrants are “drawn by the great magnet of the American Economy to fill jobs that most Americans won’t do.”
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A

questionable premise

25
Q

Sociologist James Q. Wilson: “I am not about to argue [as some sociobiologists do] that there is a ‘sympathy gene.’ But there must be some heritable disposition that helps us explain why sympathy is so common.”
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A

inconsistency

26
Q

Extra (July 2010) noted these responses to the arrest of a Pakistani-American suspect arrested in an attempt to bomb Times Square: Michael Bloomberg, mayor of New York, cautioned that the arrest shouldn’t lead to scapegoating by religion or ethnicity. Bill O’Reilly’s retort on Fox News was “Well, maybe somebody should remind the mayor that Muslim fanatics have been threatening New York City and the entire country for almost twenty years.”
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A

appeal to authority

straw man

27
Q

An oil and gas industry-back organization, energyfromshale.org, makes a case for increasing the production of “clean-burning, domestic reliable supplies” of natural gas by developing more shale sites in this county. The process, known as fracking, involves injecting high-pressure fluid into deep rock formations to release natural gas. The issue is a contentious one, because fracking may cause contamination of ground water and air pollution, among other things, and disposal of waste may be mishandled. With assurances that the oil and gas industry will make sure that fracking is done responsibly, energyfromshale.org notes that there are only two sides in the debate: those who want our oil and natural resources developed in a safe and responsible way, and those who don’t want our oil and natural gas resources developed at all.”
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A

either or

28
Q

The day after the Mitchell report was released detailing the widespread use of anabolic steroids in baseball, a fan made this comment on sfgate.com, the San Francisco Chronicle’s website (December 18, 2007): “This will send a shock wave through baseball and steroid usage will stop.”
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A

questionable premise

29
Q

In the early days of the run-up to the 2012 Republican nomination for the presidency, Newt Gingrich told Greta Van Susteren, on her news program, that the first thing he would do if he were president would be “to exercise a no fly zone [over Libya] this evening.” But when President Obama did exactly that, Gingrich told Matt Lauer on the “Today” show “I would not have intervened.”
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A

inconsistency

30
Q

Jorg Haider, Nazi sympathizer and Austrian Parliament member in response to an interview with a Time magazine reporter: Time: Why did you praise Hitler’s employment policies? Haider: I think it was only one sentence out of a big debate. My opponents took out one sentence and made a campaign against me, and it was not possible for me to explain myself.
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A

straw man

31
Q

Ad for an International Correspondence School journalism course: “Every successful writer started their first story or article with no previous experience. William Shakespeare, Alexander Dumas, Harold Robbins, Danielle Steel, Barbara Cartland - any famous writer you can name started just like you.”
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A

suppressed evidence

appeal to authority

32
Q

In an interview with Vice President Joe Biden, David Gregory asked him whether he agreed with Mitch McConnel that Julian Assange’s WikilLeaks was a high-tech terrorist or with others who said is more like the Pentagon papers (involving the unauthorized publication of top secret information about government misleading the public over the US expansion of the Vietnma War. Biden replied, “I would argue it’s closer to being a high-tech terrorist than the Pentagon papers.”
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A

either or

33
Q

Walter Burns, in an article in which he argues for capital punishment: When the abolitionists speak of the barbarity of capital punishment… they ought to be reminded that men whose moral sensitivity they would not question have supported [it]. Lincoln, for example, albeit with a befitting reluctance, authorized the execution of 267 persons during his presidency… and it was Shakespeare’s sensitivity to the moral issues that required him to have Macbeth killed.
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A

appeal to authority

34
Q

Phyllis Schlafley, an outspoken opponent of the women’s liberation movement, in her book The Power of Positive Women: The second dogma of the women’s liberationists is that, of all the injustices perpetrated upon women through the centuries the most oppressive is the cruel fact that women have babies and men do not. Within the confines of women’s liberationist ideology, the abolition of this overriding inequality becomes the primary goal.

A

straw man