Chap 30- Altered Respiratory Fx

Question 1

Adult and older adult face structural changes like

Answer 1

-Lungs become more rigid/less able to stretch resulting in difficult expansion
- Decreased cilia activity
- More difficult to have productive cough

Question 2

Smoking kills off both

Answer 2

alveoli and cilia

Question 3

Smoking makes pt more prone to

Answer 3

Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
Lung cancer
CV diseases

Question 4

Effects smoking has on airways

Answer 4

Inhibits mucus removal
Cause airway blockage
Promotes bacteria/infections

Question 5

Forward leaning position indicates person is having difficulty breathing.

Answer 5

True- this position promotes expansion

Question 6

Examples of irritants to respiratory system

Answer 6

Air Pollution
Second Hand SMoke
Pollens
Allergens
All cause mucus production

Question 7

Bronchospasms result in … are are triggered by

Answer 7

airways narrowing & limited/no air exchange
It is triggered by allergic/ inflammatory response

Question 8

FiO2 represents

Answer 8

% of oxygen in the air we breathe

Question 9

% of O2 in room air

Answer 9

21 %

Question 10

What to ensure when administering O2 to a COPD pt?

Answer 10

Nurse should make sure COPD pt is not given too much O2

Question 11

Patients w/ disease process of COPD breathing …

Answer 11

COPD patients do not exhale fully enough , SOB, and used effort to breathe.
They retain lots of CO2; Lungs become more rigid

Question 12

Factors that interfere w/ Respiratory Fx/ Effective oxygenation

Answer 12

Body Position
Irritants
Lifestyle/Habits/Smoking
Obesity (limited chest expansion)
Drugs & Alcohol (CNS depressant)
Nutrition

Question 13

These things depress CNS, respiratory fx and respirations

Answer 13

Opioids/Sedatives
Drugs
Alcohol (decreases body’s protective reflexes)

Question 14

Smoking makes pt more prone to

Answer 14

Infections
Emphysema
Lung/ Oral Cancer
Chronic Bronchitis/Sinusitis
COPD

Question 15

Drugs & alcohol can lead to respiratory ____

Answer 15

Depression

Question 16

How does stiffness affect lungs?

Answer 16

Stiff lungs dont allow lungs to expand fully

Question 17

A result if lungs do not expand fully?

Answer 17

Collapsed lungs

Question 18

If lungs collapse, what collapses also?

Answer 18

Alveoli collapse

Question 19

condition of collapse of alveoli where gas exchange occur; reduces amount of space where gas exchange occur

Answer 19

Atelectasis

Question 20

Causes of stiffened lungs include

Answer 20

Smoke/CO2 inhalation
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Resp Distress Syndrome of lungs
Pneumonia
Pain
Abdominal distention
Restrictive Lung Disorders

Question 21

disease of progressive scarring of lungs

Answer 21

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Question 22

Must do’s for a post op patients

Answer 22

Be mobile
Deep Breath
Cough
Medicate for pain

Question 23

Partially occluded airway results in which adventitious breath sound?

Answer 23

Stridor (obstruction in upper airway)

Question 24

cough that produces mucus

Answer 24

productive cough
non productive no much mucus

Question 25

clear/white mucus

Answer 25

Non infectious/ normal

Question 26

yellow/green mucus

Answer 26

Infectous/ abnormal

Question 27

Adventitious breath sound examples

Answer 27

Wheezing Ronchi Stridor Crackles Pleural Rub

Question 28

Central Cyanosis , bluish of color in

Answer 28

Lips Tongue Chest wall

Question 29

a condition that causes the skin on the hands, fingers, toes, and sometimes the nose to turn bluish or greenish

Answer 29

peripheral cyanosis

Question 30

Clubbed fingers result from

Answer 30

long term decreased oxygenation

Question 31

Signs of Hypoxia

Answer 31

Dyspnea/ SOB Increased respiratory rate/ pulse rates Palor w/ regions of cyanosis

Question 32

Common Manifestations of Altered Respiratory Function include

Answer 32

Cough Sputum Production SOB Chest Pain Emotional Changes (anxiety, panic, depression)

Question 33

Result of irritant to airway; clears which part of airway?

Answer 33

Cough is a response to irritant in airway; cough clears lower airways

Question 34

Inflammatory mediator/ allergic response that effects & triggers airway

Answer 34

Histamine

Question 35

All irritants to airway cause

Answer 35

Mucus production

Question 36

Shortness of breath from lying down

Answer 36

Orthopnea

Question 37

Causes of dyspnea include

Answer 37

-Increased work of breathing -Reduced Lung Capacity -Alterations in O2 and CO2 - Excess fluid/ poor circulation in pts w/ lung.heart disease -Emotions like panic/anxiety

Question 38

Breathing DOES NOT require more effort. T or F

Answer 38

True- It does

Question 39

Ideal position for lung expansion/ breathing

Answer 39

Upright posture (standing or sitting erect)

Question 40

As altitude increases, what happens to oxygen?

Answer 40

With altitude increasing, there is less atmospheric pressure which means less oxygen available for gas exchange

Question 41

How does nutrition effect respiratory muscle strength?

Answer 41

-Sufficient caloric intake needed to maintain strength -Malnourished intake can result in increased risk for infections -Obesity makes it harder to breathe increasing O2 demands for the respiratory muscles

Question 42

Is adequate fluid necessary to maintain clear airways?

Answer 42

Yes, keeps secretions thins and easy to cough up and out.

Question 43

How does increased work of breathing effect oxygenation?

Answer 43

Increased work of breathing demands more respiratory muscle use, thus demands more oxygen to perform needed use resulting in depriving other body tissues of oxygen

Question 44

Pts who dx w/ increased work of breathing are at risk for

Answer 44

Oxygen deprivation and exhaustion

Question 45

Causes of increased work of breathing

Answer 45

Restricted Lung Movement and airway obstruction

Question 46

Restrictive Lung Disorders cause lungs to be

Answer 46

stiff and swell

Question 47

Stiff lungs require more work for expansion? T or F

Answer 47

True

Question 48

How can abdominal incisions can contribute to restrictive lungs?

Answer 48

Painful incision may force shallow breathing due to pain and can lead to atelactasis

Question 49

How are airways obstructed?