Chap 5: Cardio. system Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
angioplasty
A
Surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow int he artery
2
Q
angi/o
A
vessel (usually blood or lymph)
3
Q
-plasty
A
surgical repair
4
Q
arteries
A
large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
5
Q
capillaries
A
microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules
6
Q
congenital
A
pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes
7
Q
veins
A
vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart
8
Q
metabolism
A
sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism
9
Q
aneurysm/o
A
widening, widened blood vessels
10
Q
-ectomy
A
excision, removal
11
Q
aneurysm/ ectomy
A
excision of an aneurysm (to repair a weak area in the aorta that is likely to rupture if left in place)
12
Q
aort/o
A
aorta
13
Q
-stenosis
A
narrowing, stricture
14
Q
arter/o
A
artery
15
Q
-itis
A
inflammation
16
Q
scler
A
hardening; sclera (white of eye)
17
Q
-osis
A
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
18
Q
ather/o
A
fatty plaque
19
Q
-oma
A
tumor
20
Q
atri/o
A
atrium
21
Q
-um
A
structure, thing
22
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
23
Q
-megaly
A
enlargment
24
Q
coron/o
A
heart
25
-ary
pertaining to
26
phleb/o
vein
27
ven/o
vein
28
thromb/o
blood clot
29
-lysis
separation; destruction; loosening
30
varic/o
dilated vein
31
-ose
pertaining to; sugar
32
vas/o
vessel; vas deferens; duct
33
-spasm
involuntary contraction, twitching
34
vascul/o
vessel
35
-ar
pertaining to
36
ventricul/o
ventricle (of heart or brain)
37
inter-
between
38
-cardi
heart condition
39
-gram
record, writing
40
-graph
instrument for recording
41
-graphy
process of recording
42
-stenosis
narrowing, stricture
43
tachy-
rapid
44
electr/o
electricity
45
cardi/o
heart
46
angi/o
vessel (usually blood or lymph)
47
brady-
slow
48
endo-
in, within
49
-ac
pertaining to
50
epi-
above, upon
51
peri-
around
52
aneurysm
abnormal widening (ballooning) of a portion of an artery as a result of weakness in its wall, or it may be present at birth (congenital) -- the larger the aneurysm becomes, the greater the risk of rupture
53
angina pectoris
mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina
54
arrhythmia
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia
55
a-
without, not
56
rrhythm
rhythm
57
-ia
condition
58
fibrillation
arrhythmia in which there is rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or ventricles; usually described by the part that is contracting abnormally, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation
59
arteriosclerosis
thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; also called hardening of the arteries
60
atherosclerosis
most common form of arteriosclerosis caused by accumulation of fatty substances within the arterial walls, resulting in partial and, eventually, total blockage
61
bruit
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow
62
embolus
mass of undissolved matter (commonly a blood clot, fatty plaque, or air bubble) that travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a blood vessel
63
embol
embolus (plug)
64
-us
condition, structure
65
heart block
disease of the electrical system of he heart which controls activity of heart muscle
66
first-degree (heart block)
atrioventricular (AV) block in which atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conducted to the ventricles
67
second-degree (heart block)
AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles
68
third-degree (heart block)
AV block in which no electrical impulses reach the ventricles; also called complete heart block (CHB)
69
heart failure (HF)
occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood flow to meet the needs of the body and can cause a number of symptoms, such as shortness of breath, leg swelling, and exercise intolerance
70
hypertension (HTN)
consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, to the heart
71
hyper
excessive, above normal
72
-tension
to stretch
73
ischemia
inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result of an interruption of blood flow
74
isch
to hold back
75
-emia
blood
76
mitral value prolapse (MVP)
Structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve doesn't close completely, resulting in a back flow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction
77
Murmur
abnormal sound heart on auscultation caused by defects int he valves or chambers of the heart
78
myocardial infarction (MI)
necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries; also called heart attack
79
my/o
muscle
80
-al
pertaining to
81
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Failure of the ductus arteriosus (which connects the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch in a fetus) to close after birth, resulting in an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
82
Raynaud disease
Severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes followed by cyanosis after exposure to cold temperature or emotional stress; also called Raynaud phenomenon
83
rheumatic heart disease
Streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults
84
Stroke
Damage to part of the brain as a result of interruption of its blood supply caused by bleeding within brain tissue or, more commonly, blockage of an artery; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
85
Thromus
a stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction; also called blood clot
86
thromb
blood clot
87
-us
condition, structure
88
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
formation of a blood clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most commonly in the lower legs
89
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
blood supply to part of the brain is briefly interrupted but doesn't cause permanent brain damage and may be a warning sign of a more serious and debilitating stroke int he future; also called ministroke
90
Cardiac catheterization
insertion of a small tube (catheter) through a large vein or artery, usually of an arm (brachial approach) or leg (femoral approach), which is threaded through a blood vessel until it reaches the heart: used to inject a contrast medium for imagining, diagnosing abnormalities, obtaining blood samples, or measuring pressure within the heart, and often includes interventional procedures such as anioplasty and atherectomy
91
Cardiac enzyme studies
battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of cardiac damage
92
Doppler ultrasonography
ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity (speed) to image major blood vessels (arteries or veins in arms, legs, abdomen) to detect obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in patients at risk for a stroke
93
Echnocardiography
ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart's chambers and valves are working to to diagnose and detect pathological conditions
94
echo-
repeated sound
95
electrocardiogrpahy
creation and study of graphic recordings (electrocardiograms) produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle; also called cardiography
96
holter monitor
Monitoring device worn by a patient that records prolonged electrocardiograph readings (usually 24 hrs) on a portable tape recorder while the patient conducts normal daily activities
97
stress test
electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption
98
nuclear
ECG that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
99
troponin I
blood test that measures protein released int other blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal muscle) and is a highly sensitive, specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction (MI)
100
Angioplasty
surgery that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
101
cardioversion
restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical counter shock to the chest using a device (defibrillator); also called defibrillation
102
-version
turning
103
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
bypass surgery in which peripheral veins are removed, and each end of the vein is sutured onto the coronary artery to create new routes around narrowed and blocked arteries, allowing sufficient blood flow to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
104
defibrillator
device used to administer a defibrillating electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm
105
automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD)
surgically implanted electrical device that continuously monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low-energy shocks to the heart; also called implantable cardioverter defbrillator (ICD)
106
automatic external defibrillator (AED)
portable computerized device that analyzes the patient's heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest
107
endarterectomy
surgical removal of the lining of an artery
108
end-
in within
109
-ectomy
excision, removal
110
carotid endarterectomy
removal of plaque (atherosclerosis) and thromboses from an occluded carotid artery to reduce the risk of stroke
111
endovenous laser therapy
treatment of large varicose veins in the legs in which a laser fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to heat the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear; also called endovenous laser ablation (EVLA)
112
endo
in, within
113
ven
vein
114
-ous
pertaining to
115
sclerotherapy
chemical injection into a varicose vein that causes inflammation and formation of fibrous tissue, which closes the vein
116
valvuloplasty
insertion of a balloon catheter in a blood vessel in the groin through the aorta and into the heart to widen a stenotic (stiffened) heart valve and increase blood flow; also called percutaneous valvuloplasty
117
anticoagulants
prevent clotting or coagulation of blood
118
beta blockers
slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, lowering blood pressure
119
nitrates
relieve chest pain associated with angina and ease symptoms of heart failure (HF)
120
statins
reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol
121
thrombolytics
dissolve (lyse) blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis
122
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
123
AED
automatic external defibrillator
124
AICD
automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
125
ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
126
BP
blood pressure
127
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
128
CAD
coronary artery disease
129
CT
computed tomogrpahy
130
CV
cardiovascular
131
CVA
cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle
132
EVLT
endovenous laser therpay; endoluminal laser therpay
133
HDL
high-density lipoprotein
134
HF
heart failure
135
HTN
hypertension
136
ICD
implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
137
MI
myocardial infarction
138
MVP
mitral vale prolapse
139
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus
140
TIA
transient ischemic attack
141
US
ultrasound, ultrasonography
