Chapter 7: Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
biopsy
A
removal of a small portion of tissue from the body for microscopic examination
2
Q
bi
A
two
3
Q
-opsy
A
view of
4
Q
endoscopic
A
pertains to the use of an endoscope (flexible fiberoptic tube with a light source and magnifying lens) to examine the interior of a hollow organ or body cavity, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; used for various medical purposes
5
Q
dent/o
A
teeth
6
Q
odont/o
A
teeth
7
Q
-ist
A
specialist
8
Q
orth
A
straight
9
Q
gingiv/o
A
gums
10
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
11
Q
lingu/o
A
tongue
12
Q
hypo-
A
under, below, deficient
13
Q
sub-
A
under, below
14
Q
or/o
A
mouth
15
Q
stomat/o
A
mouth
16
Q
ptyal/o
A
saliva
17
Q
-ism
A
condition
18
Q
sial/o
A
saliva, salivary gland
19
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
20
Q
-scope
A
instrument for examining
21
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
22
Q
-scopy
A
visual examination
23
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx (throat)
24
Q
tonsill
A
tonsils
25
pylor/o
pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of stomach that opens into duodenum)
26
-tomy
incision
27
duoden/o
duodenum (first part of small intestine)
28
enter/o
intestine (usually small intestine)
29
jejun/o
jejunum (second part of small intestine)
30
-rrhaphy
suture
31
ile/o
ileum (third part of small intestine)
32
an/o
anus
33
peri-
around
34
append/o
appendix
35
appendic/o
appendix
36
col/o
colon
37
colon/o
colon
38
proct/o
anus, rectum
39
rect/o
rectum
40
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
41
-cele
hernia, swelling
42
cholangi/o
bile vessel
43
-ole
small, minute
44
chol/e
bile, gall
45
-lith
stone, calculus
46
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
47
choledoch/o
bile duct
48
hepat/o
liver
49
pancreat/o
pancreas
50
-algia, -dynia
pain
51
-emesis
vomitting
52
gastr
stomach
53
-iasis
abnormal condition (produced by something specific)
54
hepat/o
liver
55
cirrh
yellow
56
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
57
post-
after, behind
58
dia-
through, across
59
-megaly
enlargment
60
-orexia
appetite
61
-osis
abnormal condition; increase
62
-pepsia
digestion
63
-phagia
swallowing, eating
64
-prandial
meal
65
-rrhea
discharge, flow
66
end-
in, within
67
hemat-
blood
68
hypo-
under, below, deficient
69
appendicits
inflammation of the appendix, typically an acute condition caused by blockage of and appendix followed by infection that is treated with surgical removal of the inflamed appendix and antibiotic therapy
70
ascites
pathological buildup of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity as a result of liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure
71
borborygmus
gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through the intestine
72
cirrhosis
chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice
73
diverticular disease
formation of bulging pouches (diverticula) throughout the colon but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon (includes diverticulosis, diverticular bleeding, and diverticulitis)
74
enter
intestine (usually small intestine)
75
-y
condition, process
76
-eal
pertaining to
77
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites and characterized by diarrhea, colitis, and abdominal cramps
78
fistula
abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities such ash the rectum and the vagina (rectovaginal fistula), or a body cavity to the skin, such as the rectum to the outside of the body, caused by an injury, infection, or inflammation
79
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
80
hematochezia
passage of bright red, bloody stools (usually an indication that the colon is bleeding somewhere) commonly caused by diverticulitis or hemorrhoids but may be a symptom of cancer
81
-oid
resembling
82
jaund
yellow
83
-ice
noun ending
84
hemorrhoid
mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside or just outside the rectum; also called piles
85
hernia
protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it
86
strangulated
hernia whose blood supply has been cut off, leading to necrosis with gangrene of the hernial sac and its contents; a condition that is life-threatening and requires immediate surgery
87
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
disorder that causes inflammation of the intestines
88
crohn disease
chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract (usually the ileum) and is distinguished from closely related bowel disorders by its inflammatory pattern, which tends to be patchy or segmented; also called regional colitis
89
ulcerative colitis
chronic IBD of the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood, and pain
90
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
common colon disorder characterized by constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that doesn't cause permanent damage to the colon; also called spastic colon
91
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood; also called hyperbilirubinemia
92
obesity
condition in which body weight exceeds the range of normal or healthy, which is characterized as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25
93
morbid obesity
more severe obesity in which a person has a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 lb or more over ideal body weight
94
ulcer
open sore that may result from a perforation or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing or inflamed necrotic (pathological death of a cell) tissue
95
Volvulus
twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
96
barium enema (BE)
radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium) into the rectum. BE is used for diagnosis of obstruction, tumors, or other abnormalities, such as ulcerative colitis
97
barium swallow
radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate (radiopaque contrast medium); also called upper GI series
98
cholangiography
radiographic examination of the bile ducts with a contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile ducts
99
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
visual examination of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy) using an endoscope; also called upper GI endoscopy
100
stool guaiac
test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that isn't apparent on visual inspection; also called hemoccult test
101
bariatric surgery
any of a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesity
102
vertical banded gastroplsaty
bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fulness
103
roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)
bariatric surgery in which the stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch and then the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, reducing absorption of calories and fats
104
colostomy
excision of a diseased part of the colon and relocation of the remaining end of the healthy colon through the abdominal wall to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag
105
lithotripsy
eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing it surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatter it
106
-tripsy
crushing
107
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts
108
extra-
outside
109
corpor
body
110
-eal
pertaining to
111
nasogastric intubation
insertion of a soft plastic nasogastric tube through the nostriles, past the pharynx, and down the esophagus into the stomach to remove substances from the stomach; deliver medication, food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis
112
nas/o
nose
113
polyp
small growth
114
polypectomy
excision of a small, tumorlike, benign growths (polyps) that project from a mucous membrane surface
115
antacids
neutralize acids in the stomach
116
antidiarrheals
control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract
117
antiemetics
control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain
118
laxatives
relieve constipation and facilitate passage of feces through the lower GI tract
119
BE
barium enema; below the elbow
120
Dx
diagnosis
121
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (lol)
122
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogrpahy
123
ESWL
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
124
FBS
fasting blood sugar
125
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
126
GI
gastrointestinal
127
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
128
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
129
RGB
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
130
UGI
upper gastrointestinal
