Flashcards in Chap 5:Climates And Natural Regions Deck (43)
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1
Explain how latitude influences a climate
The Distance North or south of the equator
In general, the higher the latitude, the colder it will be
2
Explain how distance from the sea or ocean influences a climate
Water in the sea absorbs heat very slowly in the summer and loses it slowly in the winter. Therefore, areas of land close to the water will be cooled in the summer and warmed in the winter and has a very small temperature range. Land absorbs heat quickly in the summer and loses it quickly in the winter so inland areas are warmer in the summer and cooler in the winter.
3
Factors that influence a climate
Latitude
Distance from the sea/ocean
Prevailing winds and air masses
4
Explain how prevailing winds and air masses influence a climate.
Winds can make and area colder, warmer,wetter or drier
Their influence will depend on the direction from which they come and whether they pass over wind or water. (Winds and air masses)
5
Northerly winds
Cold
Generally dry
6
Easterly winds
Warm in the summer
Cold in the winter
Usually dry
7
Southerly winds
Warm
Some rain
8
South-westerly winds
Cool in summer
Mild in winter
Rain bearing
9
What is a local climate?
The climate experienced by a small region
10
Factors which influence a local climate
1.Aspect
2.Altitude
11
How does aspect affect a local climate?
Aspects refers to the different direction in which a slope is facing eg.North/South
In the northern hemisphere, south-facing slopes are warmer. why?
1.The sun shines directly on them
2.Warm,southerly winds blow against them
3.protected from cold northerly winds
12
Explain how altitude is a factor affecting local climate
Altitude refers to height above sea level
In general,the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature
The temperature drops 7°C every kilometer you go up.Why?
1.air is thinner and can hold less heat
2.Upland areas are more exposed to heat 'wind chill factor'
13
What is a natural region?
An area of the word which has its own unique characteristics that make it different to other areas:
Climate,Natural Vegetation,Wildlife,Human activities
14
The 3 groups of world climates
Hot climates
Temperate climates
Cold climates
15
Climates in the group 'hot climates'
Equatorial
Savanna
Hot desert
16
Climates in temperate climates
Cool temperate
Warm temperate
17
Climates in cold climates
Boreal
Tundra
18
Where are Hot climates found?
Near the equator, from 30°N to 30°S
19
Explain Equatorial climate briefly
Hot all year (28°C)
One season
Rain every afternoon
Rainfall of 2000mm/yr
Rainforest/Jungle
20
Explain Savanna climate briefly
Hot all year (25-35°.)
Two seasons
Wet in the summer
Dry in the winter
Scattered trees/grassland
21
Explain Hot Desert climate briefly
Day (30-50°C)
Night (5°C)
Rainfall is 100mm/yr
Long droughts
Followed by downpours of rain
22
Why is difficult for plants and animals to survive in the desert?
Because of the lack of water
23
Explain how the cactus have adapted to the hot desert
Thick bark prevents loss of moisture
Can store water inside of it
Roots spread a long distance to reach nearest available water
The needles protect it from wild animals
24
Explain how the camel has adapted to the hot desert
Eyelashes to protect their eyes
Nostrils that can open and close
Thick skin on legs to protect from hot sand
Can store fat in humps for when food is scarce
25
What is oasis?
A fertile area in a desert where water is found close to the surface
26
Temperature in a cool temperate oceanic climate
Warm summers (15-17°C)
Mild winters (4-6°C)
27
Cool temperate oceanic climate rainfall
Rainfall throughout the year, mostly in winter
(800-2000mm)
28
Cool temperate oceanic climate vegetation
Deciduous forest:oak,ash,elm,willow
Most are removed for farming, transport and settlement
29
Warm temperate oceanic climate summer
Summer's are hot and dry, 30°C. Dry and some drought
-close to the equator, so the sun is high in the sky
-cloudless skies allow long hours of sunshine
-trade winds that blow over dry land masses
30
