Chap 6 Culture Flashcards
(119 cards)
0
Q
What is the capital of Belgium
A
Brussels
1
Q
What are the two languages spoken in Belgium?
A
Flemish (variation of Dutch) and French
2
Q
Which language subfamily does Flemish come from
A
Germanic
3
Q
Which language subfamily does French come from
A
Romance
4
Q
Which region is Flemish spoken in
A
Northern region of Flanders
5
Q
Which region is French spoken in
A
Southern region of wallonia
6
Q
What is in between two areas with diff languages
A
Linguistic transition zone
7
Q
What language(s) is official in Brussels
A
French and Flemish, bilingual
8
Q
What differences seperated the French and the Flemish in Belgium
A
Economic differences
9
Q
In 19th century Belgium where was industry located
A
South, wallonia, French
10
Q
What happened after frenchification in Belgium
A
Majority of ppl in Brussels spoke French
11
Q
What movement occurs after frenchification
A
The Flemish movement
12
Q
What did the fixed partition scheme in Belgium do
A
Seperated country by language , except for capital
13
Q
What happened after heavy industry went down in Belgium
A
Economy shifted to high tech, in Flanders, made the Flemish powerful
14
Q
Do Flanders and and wallonia operate under the same centralized government
A
Yes,but they have individual governments
15
Q
Which city is the principal capital of the UN
A
Brussels
16
Q
What institution protects French
A
Academie francaise
17
Q
What is a language
A
A set of sounds and symbols that is used for communication
18
Q
Which language was forced upon a colonized people
A
Their colonizers language
19
Q
Which governments had policies of assimilation in the twentieth century
A
Some include American, Canadian, Australia, Russian, New Zealand
20
Q
Some African languages don’t have a term for….
A
God
21
Q
Some Asian languages don’t have …
A
Tenses or a way for reporting chronological events
22
Q
What is the second most spoken language in US
A
Spanish
23
Q
What do spanish speakers in the US want
A
Use of spanish in public affairs
24
What are official English policies
Policies that promote the "officialization " of English in the us and it's states
25
How many US states have the official language of English
Around 30
26
Which US states are officially bilingual
Examples include Hawaii and New Mexico
27
What are the two official languages of Hawaii
Hawaiian and English
28
What's are the two official languages of New Mexico
Spanish and English
29
Which country in North Americans bilingual
Canada
30
Canada was colonially divided by ...
France and Great Britain
31
Which province in Canada has the most French speakers
Quebec
32
What have the québécois frequently called for
More independence
33
What language do new immigrant entering Quebec have to learn
French
34
What is often used to differentiate languages
Not having Mutual intelligibility
35
Mutual intelligibility...
When two people can understand what the other is saying
36
If two ways of speaking aren't Mutual intelligible then they are ...
Languages
37
If if two ways of speaking are Mutual intelligible then they are...
Dialects
38
Do linguist support the criterion ofMutual intelligibility...
No
39
Are mandarin and Cantonese both dialects of Chinese
Yes
40
Are mandarin and Cantonese Mutual intelligible
No
41
What unites mandarin and Cantonese
Standard written form, political/social institutions
42
Are Danish and Norwegian dialects of the same languages
No they are different languages
43
Are Danish and Norwegian Mutual intelligible
Yes
44
What are some examples of two diff languages that are mutually intelligible
Danish and Norwegian , Serbian and Croatian , Hindi and Urdu, Spanish and Portuguese, Navajo and Apache
45
About how many languages are there
5000- 7000
46
How many languages are in India
More than 600
47
How many languages are in Africa
Over 2000
48
Technologically advanced societies are likely to have which type of language
A standard language
49
What is a standard language
One that is published, widely distributed and purposefully taught
50
What is a isogloss
A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs
51
What is a language family
A group of related languages with a shared but distant origin
52
What is a subfamily
Divisions within a language family where the commonalities are more definite and their origin is more recent
53
Which family has the largest number of speakers and has the largest distribution
Indo-European Lang family
54
How did indo European languages spread
Contagious diffusion-thru Eurasia
| Relocation diffusion-thru. Colonialism in the Americas
55
Most of the dialects in china are ...
Mutually incomprehensible
56
Which family do the languages of Madagascar belong to
Austronesian
57
What is a sound shift
Slight change in a word across languages within a subfamily or a language family backwards toward origin
58
What is the ancestral language of the indo European family
Proto-indo-European
59
What is backward reconstruction
A technique where u track sound shifts and hardening of languages back to the original lang
60
What is an extinct lang
A lang w/o any native speakers
61
What is deep reconstruction
Recreating the lang that preceded a lang
62
What is the ancestor of the Proto indo European lang
The nostratic lang
63
What are some characteristics of nostratic speakers
Hunter-gatherers , domestication of wolves was occurring , in use before first agricultural revolutions
64
What is language divergence
When spatial interaction amount speakers of a lang breaks down and the language separates into dialects which then evolve into seperated langs
65
What is lang convergence
When people with different languages have consistent spatial interaction their language scan combine into one
66
What are the two ways in which a lang can become extinct
When all descendants perish or when descendants choose another language
67
What happens in btw lang extinction
Bilingualism
68
What were the people who spoke Proto indo European like
People used horses,developed the wheel, and traded widely
69
What was the conquest theory
Says that the early speakers of Proto indo European spread from east to west on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants
70
What is the agricultural theory for protoindoeuropean
Diffused westward with agriculture
71
What is the dispersal hypothesis
Hearth of Anatolia, diffused in arc to Europe
72
What percentage of the world speak indoeuropean languages
About 50 percent
73
Which empire and which language started the romance subfamily
Roman Empire, Latin
74
The Germanic languages started in ...
Northern Europe
75
The Slavic langs dominate much of...
Eastern Europe
76
What are some other language families in Europe
Uralic(Finnish!Hungarian )... Altaic(Turkish)
77
Which language in Europe is related to no other language family
The euskera lang of the basque ppl
78
What language family dominates sub-Saharan Africa
Niger-Congo family
79
What language family in sub Saharan Africa is the oldest
Khoisan
80
The langs in sub Saharan Africa are more similar so ...
They have been around for a short time
81
What happened when British colonists divided Africa
Countries with many ethno linguistic groups
82
What caused languages to spread over wider areas
Rise of empires
83
What happened when the Roman Empire disintegrated
Linguistic divergence because of lessened spatial interaction
84
What did the Gutenberg printing press allow
Unprecedented production of texts in languages other than Latin, helped standardize languages, allowed large states to promote common culture and language
85
What caused the establishment of lingua francas and pidgin langs
Trade and commerce
86
What is a lingua Franca
A lang used among speakers of different Langs for the purpose of trade and commerce
87
Pidgin language
Combine parts of their vocab into a simplified structure and vocab
88
The first lingua Franca was a pidgin lang called
The Frankish lang
89
Where was the Frankish lang used
Mediterranean
90
What are some lingua Francas
Arabic, English, Swahili , bazaar Malay
91
What is the most widely used African lang on the internet
Swahili
92
creole lang
A pidgin lang that has developed a more complex structure and vocab and has become the native lang of a group of ppl
93
What was THE creole lang
A pidgin lang from the Caribbean that combined English French Portuguese and the lang of African slaves, became the first lang of ppl in the region
94
Monolingual states
Countries where almost everyone speaks the same language
95
Some examples of monolingual states...
Japan, Uruguay, Iceland, Denmark, Portugal, Poland, Lesotho
96
Multilingual states
Countries In which more than one languages are in use
97
Countries with linguistic fragmentation often adopt a ...
Official lang
98
In former colonies the official lang is tht of their ...
Colonizer, because the elite know that lang
99
What three langs have many former African colonies adopted
English, French, portugese
100
Which country has the largest number of official langs
22
101
Which lang dominates international business and travel and pop culture and the telecommunications industry and science and education
English
102
Population growth rates are generally ___ in non English speaking areas
Lower
103
Each ____ has a unique location and constitutes a reflection of human activities ideas and creations
Place
104
Toponyms
Place names
105
The ten types of toponyms
Descriptive, associative, commemorative, commendatory, incidents,possession , folk, manufactured, mistakes, shift
106
Most Brazilian toponyms are ....
Portugese
107
When languages and people diffuse ...
Toponyms do too
108
Toponyms change when...
Colonies become independent, new country is born, after a revolution occurs, revolutions in thought
109
Memorial toponyms ...
Memorialize a person or place
110
The practice of commodifying toponyms is increasing I areas within the fold of...
Pop culture
111
Why do corps want to spread their names/logos around
To brand places
112
What four processes shape langs
Divergence, convergence, extinction, and diffusion
113
Which two langs are gaining speakers
English and Chinese
114
What is an example of a standard language
BRP or British Received Pronunciation is standard for British English
115
Thru ____officials entrench a lang in a place
Public school
116
What are some differences btw dialects
Differences in vocab, syntax, pronunciation, cadence( rhythm ) , and pace of speech, colloquial phrases
Plus accent
118
What are dialects
Variants of a standard language along regional or ethnic lines
119
What are dialect chains
The concept that the closer a dialect is geographically the more Mutual intelligible it is
