CHAP 6 MED ORG Flashcards
STUDY (27 cards)
What are Rifamycins?
Antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces mediterranei, including Rifampin and Rifabutin
Rifamycins are primarily used for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB).
What is the most active agent against TB?
Rifampin
Rifampin is also known as Rifadin, Rimactane, or Rifampicin.
What are the side effects of Rifampin?
Reddish color of body secretions, hepatotoxicity
The incidence of hepatotoxicity increases when combined with INH or ethambutol.
List the first-line treatments for TB.
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
- Streptomycin
First-line treatments are essential for effective TB management.
What is Cycloserine used for?
It is an antibiotic isolated from different species of Streptomyces, preventing the synthesis of cross-linking peptide in bacterial cell walls.
Cycloserine is also known as Seromycin.
What is the mechanism of action for Cycloserine?
Prevents the synthesis of cross-linking peptide in the formation of bacterial cell walls.
What is the significance of Streptomycin in TB treatment?
It is the only aminoglycoside used for tuberculosis and was the first antibiotic effective for TB treatment.
Streptomycin was discovered in 1944 by Waksman.
What does mycology study?
The study of fungi.
Who studied Trichophyton schoenleinii?
Schonlein & Gruby in 1839.
What are the two groups of fungal infections?
- Superficial mycoses
- Deep-seated mycoses
What are superficial mycoses caused by?
Dermatophytes, including tinea and Candida infections.
List examples of ringworm infections.
- Tinea capitis
- Tinea barbae
- Tinea faceie
- Tinea cruris
- Tinea pedis
- Tinea manum
- Tinea ungium (Onchomycosis)
- Pityriasis versicolor
What are systemic mycoses?
- Histoplasmosis
- Sporotrichosis
- Blastomycosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cryptococcosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
What are opportunistic fungal infections?
- Systemic candidiasis
- Aspergillosis
- Mucormycosis
- Pneumocystis carinii
What are the topical agents for dermatophytoses?
- Fatty Acids
- Propionic Acid
- Zinc Propionate
- Sodium Caprylate
- Undecylenic Acid
- Triacetin
- Salicylic Acid
- Whitfield’s Ointment
- Haloprogin
- Clioquinol
- Ciclopirox Olamine
What is the mechanism of action of Flucytosine?
Releases 5-FU when used in combination with Amphotericin B for systemic mycoses and meningitis.
What is Amphotericin B used for?
It is the drug of choice for systemic mycoses and works by binding to ergosterol in the cell membrane.
Commonly known as Fungizone.
What are the side effects of Amphotericin B?
- Renal toxicity
- Acute febrile reaction
- Anemia
- Phlebitis
What is Nystatin used to treat?
Candida infections, particularly oral candidiasis.
Nystatin is not absorbed systemically when administered orally.
What is Griseofulvin’s mechanism of action?
Interacts with microtubules within the fungus to disrupt the mitotic spindle and inhibit mitosis.
What do allylamines inhibit?
Squalene epoxidase, affecting ergosterol biosynthesis.
What are the main azole antifungal agents?
- Clotrimazole
- Econazole
- Butoconazole
- Sulconazole
- Oxiconazole
- Tioconazole
- Miconazole
- Ketoconazole
- Terconazole
- Itraconazole
- Fluconazole
What is the mechanism of action of azole antifungal agents?
Blocks demethylation of lanosterol to ergosterol, disrupting membrane function.
What is the drug of choice for Cryptococcal meningitis?
Fluconazole
It is effective due to its excellent penetrability into the CSF.
