CHAP 6 PART TWO Flashcards
(20 cards)
What does MEC SUP stand for?
Miconazole, Econazole, Clotrimazole - for superficial mycoses
These are commonly used topical antifungal agents
What is the significance of KIF SYS?
Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Fluconazole - for subcutaneous and systemic fungal infections
These agents are crucial for treating more severe fungal infections
What is the primary use of Fluconazole?
Drug of choice for Cryptococcal meningitis
It penetrates well into the central nervous system
What is the mechanism of action of azole antifungal agents?
Blocks demethylation of lanosterol to ergosterol, disrupting fungal membrane function
This class includes drugs like fluconazole and itraconazole
What is the role of Griseofulvin?
Inhibits mitosis in fungi by disrupting microtubules
It is effective for dermatophyte infections
What are the side effects of Amphotericin B?
- Renal toxicity
- Acute febrile reaction
- Anemia
- Phlebitis
These side effects can limit its use
What is the mechanism of action of Amphotericin B?
Binds to ergosterol in the cell membrane, disrupting membrane function
It is used for systemic mycoses
What are common agents for treating dermatophytoses?
- Fatty acids
- Propionic acid
- Zinc propionate
- Sodium caprylate
- Undecylenic acid
- Salicylic acid
These agents have antifungal properties against superficial infections
What are opportunistic fungal infections?
- Systemic candidiasis
- Aspergillosis
- Mucormycosis
- Pneumocystis carinii
These infections typically occur in immunocompromised individuals
What are systemic mycoses?
- Histoplasmosis
- Sporotrichosis
- Blastomycosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cryptococcosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
These infections can disseminate and affect internal organs
What are examples of superficial mycoses?
- Tinea capitis
- Tinea barbae
- Tinea cruris
- Tinea pedis
- Tinea ungium
- Pityriasis versicolor
These infections are typically localized on the skin
What are the two groups of fungal infections?
- Superficial mycoses
- Deep-seated mycoses
Superficial mycoses are more common and include dermatophyte infections
What is Mycology?
The study of fungi
Important in understanding fungal infections and treatments
What is the historical significance of Streptomycin?
First antibiotic effective in the treatment of TB, discovered in 1944 by Waksman
It is the only aminoglycoside used for tuberculosis
What is Cycloserine and its mechanism of action?
Isolated from Streptomyces, prevents synthesis of cross-linking peptide in bacterial cell walls
Used in cases of resistant tuberculosis
What are the first-line treatments for TB?
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
- Streptomycin
PTB treatment duration is 2 months followed by a 4-month maintenance phase
What are the side effects of Rifampin?
Reddish color of body secretions, hepatotoxicity
Increased incidence of hepatotoxicity when combined with INH or ethambutol
What is Rifampin known for?
Most active agent against TB, enzyme inducer, has relatively infrequent toxic effects
Commonly used in combination therapies for tuberculosis
What are Rifamycins?
Antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces mediterranei, includes Rifampin and Rifabutin
Rifamycins are primarily used to treat tuberculosis
