Chap 9: Lipid Metabolism

Question 1

Building Block of Fatty Acid

Answer 1

Acetyl CoA

Question 2

Lipoids

Answer 2

Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Cholesterol
Cholesterol ester

Question 3

Lipoids are important for

Answer 3

Membrane components

Question 4

Triglyceride or triacylglycerole are used to

Answer 4

store and supply energy

Question 5

Lipids have (chain and groups)

Answer 5

hydrocarbon chain and ester group

Question 6

Lipid composed by

Answer 6

ester of fatty acid (C - O - C)

Question 7

Lipid Metabolism

Answer 7

Lipolysis
Lipogenesis
Beta Oxidation
Formation of Ketone Bodies

Question 8

Lipogenesis (Divided into 3 Processes)

Answer 8

Biosynthesis of glycerol
Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids
Biosynthesis of the Triacylglycerol

Question 9

Lipogenesis occurs in

Answer 9

(Mostly) adipose tissue, liver, lactating mammary glands, brain

Question 10

Lipogenesis occurs in

Answer 10

(Mostly) adipose tissue, liver, lactating mammary glands, brain

Question 11

7 malonyl-CoA (Part 1 of Bio. Tria)

Answer 11

7 Acetyl-CoA + 7CO2 + 7ATP

Question 12

Acetyl-CoA + 7 malonyl CoA (+ 7ATP) (Part 2 of Bio Tria)

Answer 12

Palmitic Acid

Question 13

The synthesis of long-chain FA carried out by my 2 enzyme system present in cytoplasm of cell

Answer 13

Acetyl CoA carboxylase
FA synthase complex

Question 14

One glucose produces
Each acetyl CoA contains
4 glucose molecules

Answer 14

2 Acetyl CoA
2 Carbon
are required to produce 16 carbons of palmitic acid

Question 15

1. Dehydrogenation

Answer 15

loss of hydrogen to form a C=C double bond

Question 16

2. Hydration

Answer 16

the addition of water across the C=C double bond

Question 17

3. Oxidation

Answer 17

loss of electrons and the formation of ketone C=O

Question 18

4. Thiolysis (breaks sulfur)

Answer 18

the splitting of coenzyme-A activated fatty acids

Question 19

Adipose cells are specialized for

Answer 19

synthesis and storage of triacylglycerol

Question 20

The TG stored in the adipocytes are hydrolyzed by lipases to produce free FA and glycerol which are released to the blood

Answer 20

Fat mobilization

Question 21

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)

Answer 21

TG lipase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the TG degradation in adipose tissue

Question 22

Lipolytic Hormones

Answer 22

• Epinephrine
• Norepinephrine
• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
• Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  Glucagon *

Question 22

Lipolytic Hormones

Answer 22

• Epinephrine
• Norepinephrine
• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
• Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  Glucagon*

Question 23

Anti-lipolytic hormone
(Against fat breakdown)

Answer 23

Insulin (Opposite to Glucagon)
(Stores fat)

Question 24

Beta-Oxidation is a process

Answer 24

by which fatty acids, specifically saturated fatty acids are broken down for use in energy production (In cases of starvation, intense exercise, or stress)

Question 25

Beta-oxidation (players)

Answer 25

- Often takes place inside the mitochondrial matrix - can also occur in organelles called peroxisomes - Major players : saturated FA and coenzyme (CoA) - Molecules of water, ATP, FAD+, and NAD+

Question 26

4 Steps of Beta-oxidation

Answer 26

1. Dehydrogenation 2. Hydration 3. Dehydrogenation of the Beta-hydroxyl group to a ketone 4. Acylation

Question 27

1 of 4 Dehydrogenation of

Answer 27

fatty acyl-CoA to make a trans double bond between alpha and beta carbon

Question 28

2 of 4 Hydration of

Answer 28

the double bond

Question 29

3 of 4 Dehydrogenation of the beta-hydroxyl group to a ketone

Answer 29

-e (electrons) removed transferred to NAD+

Question 30

4 of 4 Acylation

Answer 30

addition of CoA and production of acetyl-CoA

Question 31

Other Oxidation of Fatty Acids

Answer 31

1. Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids 2. Peroximal Fatty Acid Oxidation (VLCFA) 3. Oxidation of Propionyl-CoA

Question 32

Ketogenesis: Location - Material - Rate-limiting Enzyme -

Answer 32

Location - hepatic mitochondria Materials - Acetyl CoA Rate-limiting Enzyme - HMG-CoA synthase

Question 33

Ketones bodies replace

Answer 33

glucose as the major source of energy for many tissues

Question 34

The liver increases the production of ketone bodies from

Answer 34

Acetyl-CoA generated from fatty acid oxidation

Question 34

The liver increases the production of ketone bodies from

Answer 34

Acetyl-CoA generated from fatty acid oxidation

Question 35

Acetyl CoA is the link between

Answer 35

lipid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways

Question 36

Glucose, glycerol and fatty acids all degrade into

Answer 36

Acetyl CoA

Question 37

Biosynthesis of FA, ketone bodies & cholesterol all use

Answer 37

Acetyl CoA