chap 9 part 1 Flashcards
(18 cards)
exemplars work best for/prototypes work best for
exemplars=small categories prototypes=large
typicality effect
ability to judge prototypes more quickly
concept
mental representative or a class of things (cat)
exemplars
all members of a category someone have previously encountered
exemplar approach to categorization
determine if an object is similar to other objects by considering lots of exemplars of members of that category
exemplar
a member of a category (Zeppelin = cat)
3 levels of categories
1) Global (3 items)–superordinate
2) Basic (9 items)
3) Specific (10.3 items)–subordinate
sentence verification technique
say a sentence and subjects say if its true or false. prototypical objects have faster response time. (ex: apple is fruit. pomegranate is fruit)
definitional approach to categorization
categorizing by definition, does not work
high/low typicality
how closely a category member resembles the prototype
production frequency
typical exemplars are produced more frequently
attribute
a predicate or property of a thing
The Prototype Approach
- category has an “average” prototype, things are compared to this prototype to see if they fit it category
- Rosch experiment with objects judged on scale 1-7 if they fit in category (1=fits category, 7=doesnt)
priming
presentation of one stimulus affects responses to a stimulus that follows
difference between exemplar and prototype approach
exemplar is an actual object, not an abstract “average” of characteristics object like with prototype
hierarchial categorization
categorization that starts with general categories then gets more specific in levels
catergory
all possible examples of a concept (siamese cats, tabby cats, etc.
family resemblance
things in a category resemble each other in a number of characteristics (chairs)
