Chap1, 1.6

Question 1

Although a study of the history of computing is generally INSIDE the scope of this book

TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 1

False

Although a study of the history of computing is generally OUTSIDE the scope of this book,

Question 2

It is of particular interest to note that nearly all of the revolutionary concepts that define computer systems today were developed between

A. thirty and sixty years ago
B. Thirty and Twenty years ago
C. Thirty and fifty years ago

Answer 2

A. thirty and sixty years ago

Question 3

It is NOT possible, nor particularly useful, to identify the date of the ‘‘invention’’ of the computer.

T or F

Answer 3

T

Question 4

there is recent evidence of the existence of an ancient computing device used for _____ calculations

Answer 4

Astronomical calculations

Question 5

one could consider the____, already in use as early as 500 BC by the ancient Greeks and Romans, to be an early predecessor of the computer

Answer 5

Abacus

Question 6

one could consider the abacus, already in use as early as 500 BC by the ____ and ____

Answer 6

Greeks and romans

Question 7

It was capable of performing calculations and storing data

Answer 7

Abacus

Question 8

The abacus remained in common use until the ____

A. 1600s
B. 1700s
C. 1500s

Answer 8

C. 1500s

Question 9

A noted French mathematician of the 1600s, invented a calculating machine in 1642 at the age of nineteen

Answer 9

Blaise pascal

Question 10

In the late 1500s, though,_____ inventors again began to put their minds to the problem of automatic calculation.

A. Egyptian
B. Greek
C. Europian

Answer 10

C. European

Question 11

Blaise pascal was never able to construct the machine he invented in 1642

T or f

Answer 11

T

Question 12

He invented a loom that used punched cards to control the patterns woven into cloth.

Answer 12

Marie Jacquard

Question 13

It is invented by Marie Jacquard that is used to punch cards to control the patters of woven into cloth

Answer 13

Loom

Question 14

He’s an English mathemati- cian who lived in the early 1800s, spent much of his own personal fortune attempting to build a mechanical calculating machine that he called an ‘‘analytical engine.’’

Answer 14

Charles Babbage

Question 15

It resembles the modern computer in many conceptual ways.

Answer 15

The analytical engine

Question 16

Babbage’s machine envisioned the use of Jacquard’s punched cards for input data and for the program, provided memory for internal storage, performed calculations as spec- ified by the program using a CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT known as a ‘‘___,’’ and printed output

Answer 16

Mill

Question 17

She worked closely with Babbage and developed many of the fundamental ideas of programming and pro- gram design, including the concepts of branches and loops.

Answer 17

Augusta Ada byron (Countess of Lovelace and the daughter of the poet Lord Byron)

Question 18

It was capable of selecting one of four arithmetic oper- ations, and of testing the sign of a number with a different program branch specified for each result.

Answer 18

The mill

Question 19

The sequence of operation was speci- fied by instructions on the operation cards.

The operation cards could be advanced or reversed as a means of implementing a sort of ‘‘____’’ instruction.

Answer 19

Goto instruction

Question 20

The second set of cards, known as ___ cards, were to be used to specify par- ticular memory locations for the data involved in the calculations.

Answer 20

Variable cards

Question 21

Babbage envisioned a memory of one thou- sand 50-digit decimal numbers.

T or f

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Each digit was to be stored using a ten-toothed gear known as

Answer 22

Counterwheel

Question 23

At approximately the same time, another English mathematician, _______, developed the binary theory of logic that bears his name, Boolean logic.

Answer 23

George boole

Question 24

At approximately the same time, another English mathematician, _______, developed the binary theory of logic that bears his name, Boolean logic.

Answer 24

George boole

Question 25

He also recognized the relationship between binary arithmetic and Boolean logic that makes possible the circuitry that implements the modern electronic computer

Answer 25

George boole

Question 26

In the late 1920s and early 1940s, several different groups of researchers independently developed versions of the modern electronic computer. T or f

Answer 26

False - In the late 1920s and early 1940s

Question 27

It is built in 1937 by Howard H. Aiken and associates at Harvard University with help and funding from IBM, used thousands of relays

Answer 27

The Mark I

Question 28

The Mark I, built in 1937 by____

Answer 28

Howard H. Aiken

Question 29

___ are mechanical binary switches controlled by electrical currents, familiar to you perhaps as the clicking devices that control operations in tape cassette players and telephone answering machines.

Answer 29

Relays

Question 30

binary relays were used for computation, the fundamental design was ____ A. Decimal B. Fraction C. Ratio

Answer 30

A. Decimal

Question 31

Storage consisted of seventy-two 23-digit decimal numbers, stored on ______

Answer 31

Counter wheels

Question 32

A similar electromechanical computer was designed and built by______ in Germany

Answer 32

Conrad Zuse

Question 33

The FIRST totally electronic digital computer was apparently devised by_____, a physicist at Iowa State College, in 1937.

Answer 33

John V. Atanasoff

Question 34

It was a binary-based machine, just like today’s computers. It consisted of an arithmetic/logic unit with thirty units that could do addition and subtraction, a rotating drum memory that held thirty binary numbers of 50 digits each, and punched card input.

Answer 34

ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer)

Question 35

Despite its limitations, ABC was NOT an important pathmark that led to later significant advances in computer design. T OR F

Answer 35

F- ABC was an IMPORTANT pathmark

Question 36

is generally considered to be the first all-electronic digital computer

Answer 36

The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

Question 37

The ENIAC was designed and built between 1943 and 1946 by_____ and_____ at the University of Pennsylvania

Answer 37

John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

Question 38

It had very limited storage capability, with only twenty locations each capable of holding a 10-digit decimal number.

Answer 38

ENIAC

Question 39

Programs CAN be stored internally, but were hard wired with external ‘‘patch panels’’ and toggle switches. T or f

Answer 39

F- ProgramsCOULD NOT be stored internally

Question 40

the first commercially available computer, in 1951.

Answer 40

UNIVAC 1

Question 41

It contained eighteen thousand vacuum tubes, occupied a floor space of more than fifteen thousand square feet, and weighed more than thirty tons.

Answer 41

ENIAC