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Biology > Chap.1 - Characteristics & Classification > Flashcards

Chap.1 - Characteristics & Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 Kingdoms?

A
  • Animals
  • Plants
  • Fungi
  • Proctoctists
  • Prokaryotes (Bacteria/Single cell oragnisms)
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of living things?

A
  • Movement
  • Respiration
  • Sensitivity
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Excretion
  • Nutrition
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3
Q

Movement

A

An action by an organism/part of an ogranism causing a change of position or place.

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4
Q

Respiration

A

The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism.
(Formula: glucose + oxygen -> CO2 + water + energy released)

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5
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability to detect and respond changes in their internal/external environments/stimuli.

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6
Q

Growth

A

A permanent increase in size and dry mass.

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7
Q

Reproduction

A

Results in the formation of new individuals.
- Asexual -> one parent produces identitcal offspring
- Sexual -> two parents producing gametes, offspring show variation

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8
Q

Excretion

A

The removal of metabolic waste chemicals. (NOT POO)

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9
Q

Nutrition

A

The taking in of materials (food) for energy, growth and development.

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10
Q

Species

A

A group of individuals that look alike, live in the same habitat, and are capable of interbreeding to product fertile offspring.

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11
Q

How are organisms classified?

A

By the features that they share.

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12
Q

Binomial System

A

An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species.

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13
Q

Genus

A

A group of species that are closely related, but do not interbreed with each other.

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14
Q

Classification using Biochemistry

A

Differences in nucleic acids and proteins can be used to relfect their evolutionary relationship.

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15
Q

Classification Systems

A

Aim to reflect evolutionary relationships.

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16
Q

Classification using DNA and Amino Acids

A

The sequences of bases in DNA are used as a means of classification. Groups of organisms which share a more recent ancestor have base sequences that are more similar than those that share a distant ancestor.

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17
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

Do not have a nucleus, instead a loop of DNA (plasmids).

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18
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

Have a nucleus.

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19
Q

All cells of living organisms are made up of…

A
  • A cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • DNA
  • Ribosomes
  • Enzymes
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20
Q

Ribosomes

A

Carry out protein synthesis

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21
Q

Enzymes

A

Carry out processes such as respiration.

22
Q

Plant Kingdom Features

A
  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic
  • Have chloroplasts (for photosynthesis)
  • Cells have cell walls
  • Cells have large sap-filled vacuoles
  • Make their own food through photosynthesis.
23
Q

Animal Kingdom Features

A
  • Multicellular
  • Eukaryotic
  • Obtain their food by eating plants and/or other animals
  • Cells do not have cell walls or permanent vacuoles
  • All animals have nervous systems to coordinate their responses to stimuli and their movement.
24
Q

Animal Kingdom Main Groups

A
  • Vertebrates (a species that has a backbone)
  • Invertebrates (a species that doesn’t have a backbone)
25
Main Groups of Vertebrates
* Fish * Reptiles * Amphibians * Mammals * Birds
26
Fish Features
* Breath using gills * Two chamber heart * Scales * Lay Eggs * Live in water * Have fins * Are cold-blooded
27
Reptile Features
* Cold-blooded * Dry, scaly skin * Four-chamber heart * Lay eggs * Do not look after young * Breathe using lungs
28
Amphibian Features
* Young have gills * Adults have elungs * Moist skin * Lay eggs (called spawn) * Live on land and in water
29
Mammal Features
* Warm-blooded * Hairy/furry bodies * Four-chamber heart * Single jaw bone * Sweat glands * Mammary glands * Give birth to live young * Breathe using lungs
30
Bird Features
* Bipedal * Warm-blooded * Feathers * Wings * Lay eggs * Breathe using lungs
31
Main Invertebrate Groups
* Echinoderms * Cnidarians * Molluscs * Arthropods * Annelids
32
Echinoderm Features
* Marine * Five-sided * E.g. starfish
33
Cnidarian Features
* Marine * Big mouth * Stinging tentacles * E.g. jellyfish
34
Mollusc Features
* Soft body * Shell * No legs * E.g. snail
35
Arthropod Features
* Exoskeleton * Body in parts/segments * Jointed appendages * e.g. lobsters, spiders
36
Annelid Features
* Hollow, segmented bodies * E.g. worms
37
Main Groups of Arthropods
* Myriapods * Crustaceans * Arachnids * Insects
38
Myriapod Features
* Head & trunk (trunk made from segments) * One pair of legs on each segment * 1 pair of antenna * Compound eyes * No wings
39
Crustacean Features
* 2 pairs of antennae * Exoskeleton * Cephalorax (head-thorax combined) * Abdomen * At least 5 pairs of legs (5-20) * Jointed limbs * Compound Eyes * No wings
40
Arachnid Features
* Body in two parts (cephalorax & abdomen) * Eight legs (4 pairs) * No wings * No antennae * Several pairs of simple eyes
41
Insect Features
* Body in three parts (head, thorax & abdomen) * Six legs (3 pairs) * 4 wings (2 pairs) * 1 pair of antennae * Simple and compound eyes
42
Fungi Features
* Are visible with a light microscope * Multicellular (except for yeast) * Made from threads called **hyphae** * Produce spores
43
Prokaryote Features
* Simple cell structure * Have no nucleus * Only seen with light microscope * Single loop of DNA * Cell wall
44
Protoctist Features
* Many features of eukaryotes * Both uni- and multi- cellular * Can feed or make their own food
45
Virus Features
* Can be seen only with an electron microscope * Made from DNA or RNA * Parasites surrouded by a protein coat * NOT CELLS
46
Main Plant Groups
* Ferns * Flowering Plants
47
Fern Features
* Strong stem, roots and leaves * Leaves have waxy layer (cuticle) to reduce water loss * Have xylem * Reproduce by means of spores
48
Flowering Plant Features
* Multicellular * Each cell is surrounded by a cellulose cell wall * Leaves (and some stems) contain chlorophyll * Have apical bud where the stem grows new leaves
49
Monocotyledons
* Have one cotyledon (seed leaves) * Have leaves with parallel leaves
50
Dicotyledons
* Have broad leaves * Have a network of branchin veins * Have two cotyledons (seed leaves)
51
Dichotomous Keys
* Used to idenity organisms * Includes a series of paired statements or questions to lead to an identification * Means diving in two

Biology (4 decks)

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