Chap.6

Question 1

The individuals that belong to the same species and live in a given area at a particular time

Answer 1

Population

Question 2

All of the populations of organisms within a given area

Answer 2

Community

Question 3

population ecology

Answer 3

The study of factors that cause populations to increase or decrease

Question 4

The total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time.

Answer 4

Population size (N)

Question 5

The number of individuals per unit area at a given time

Answer 5

Population density

Question 6

A description of how individuals are distributed with respect to one another

Answer 6

Population distribution

Question 7

The ratio of males to females in a population

Answer 7

Sex ratio

Question 8

A description of how many individuals fit into particular age categories in a population

Answer 8

Age structure

Question 9

A resource that a population cannot live without and that occurs in quantities lower than the population would require to increase in size

Answer 9

Limiting resource

Question 10

A factor that influences an individual’s probability of survival and reproduction in a manner that depends on the size of the population

Answer 10

Density-dependent factor

Question 11

The limit of how many individuals in a population the environment can sustain

Answer 11

Carrying capacity (K)

Question 12

A factor that has the same effect on an individual’s probability of survival and the amount of reproduction at any population size

Answer 12

Density-independent factor

Question 13

Mathematical equations that can be used to predict populaiton size at any moment in time

Answer 13

Population growth models

Question 14

The number of offspring an individual can produce in a given time period, minus the deaths of the individual or ti’s offspring during the same period.

Answer 14

Population growth rate

Question 15

The maximum potential for growth of a population under ideal conditions with unlimited resources

Answer 15

Intrinsic growth rate

Question 16

A growth odel that estimates a population’s future size after a period of time based on the intrinsic growth rate and the number of reproducing individuals currently in the population

Answer 16

Exponential growth model

Question 17

The curve of the exponential growth model when graphed

Answer 17

J-shaped curve

Question 18

A growth model that describes a population whose growth is initially exponential, but slows as the population approaches the carrying capacity of the environment

Answer 18

Logistic growth model

Question 19

The shape of the logistic growth model when graphed

Answer 19

S-shaped curve

Question 20

When a populatio nbecomes larger than the environment’s carrying capacity

Answer 20

Overshoot

Question 21

A rapid decline in a population due to death

Answer 21

Die-off

Question 22

A species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the populaiton to increase sloly until it reaches carrying capacity

Answer 22

k-selected species

Question 23

A species that has a high intrinsic groth rate, which often leads to populaiton overshoots and die-offs

Answer 23

r-selected species

Question 24

A graph that represents the distinct patterns of species survival as a function of age

Answer 24

Survivorship curve

Question 25

A pattern of survival over time in which there is high survival throughout most of the life span, but then individuals start to die in large numbers as the approach old age.

Answer 25

Type I survivorship curve

Question 26

A pattern of survival over time in which there is a relatively constant decline in survivoship throughout most of the life span

Answer 26

Type II survivorship curve

Question 27

A pattern of survival over time in which there is low survivorship early in life with few individuals reaching adulthood

Answer 27

Type III survivorship curve

Question 28

Stips of natural habitat that connect populations

Answer 28

corridor

Question 29

A group of spatially distinct populations that are connected by occasional movements of individuals between them

Answer 29

metapopulation

Question 30

When individuals with similar genotypes- typically relatives-breed with each other and produce offspring that have an impaired abitlity to survive and reproduce

Answer 30

Inbreeding depression

Question 31

The study of interactions between species

Answer 31

Community ecology

Question 32

The relationship between two species that live in close association with each other

Answer 32

Symbiotic relationship

Question 33

The struggle of individuals to obtain a shared limiting resource

Answer 33

Competition

Question 34

The principle stating that tow species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist

Answer 34

Competitive exclusion principle

Question 35

When two species divide a resource based on differences in their behavior of morphology

Answer 35

resource partitioning

Question 36

An interaction in which one animal typically kills and consumes another animal

Answer 36

Predation

Question 37

A specialized type of predator that lays eggs inside other organisms - refered to as it's host

Answer 37

Parasitoid

Question 38

Parasitism

Answer 38

An interaction in which one organism lives on or in another organism

Question 39

A parasite that cuases disease in it's host

Answer 39

pathogen

Question 40

An interaction in which an animal consumes a producer

Answer 40

Herbivory

Question 41

An interaction between two species that increases the chances of survival or reproduction for both species

Answer 41

Mutualism

Question 42

A relationship between species in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped.

Answer 42

Commensalism

Question 43

A species that is not very abundant but has large effects on an ecological community

Answer 43

Keystone species

Question 44

A keystone species that creates or maintains habitat for other species

Answer 44

Ecosystem engineer

Question 45

The predictable replacement of one group of species by another group of species over time

Answer 45

Ecological succession

Question 46

Ecological succession occuring on surfaces that are initially devoid of soil

Answer 46

Primary succession

Question 47

The succession of plant life that occurs in areas that have been disturbed but have not lost their soil

Answer 47

Secondary succession

Question 48

A species that can colonize new areas rapidly and grow well in full sunshine

Answer 48

pioneer species

Question 49

historically described as the final stage of succession

Answer 49

climax community