AP Env. Science - Unit 2

Question 1

Define

Environmental Science

Answer 1

1. looks at interactions among human systems and those found in nature.
2. is interdisciplinary (see p.4)
3. as **unique challenges **(most important = no “control planet”.(see p. 24)

Question 2

Define

Environment

Answer 2

sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life.

Conditions include living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components.

Question 3

Define

System

Answer 3

Set of interacting biotic and abiotic components that influence one another by exchanging energy, materials or information.

see p.4 first para left for exemple.

Question 4

Fill the blanks

____ ____ allows us to assess the impact of humans on Earth.

Answer 4

Environmental Indicators.

Question 5

Name

5 key global indicators of environmental health

Answer 5

1. Biological diversity
2. Food production
3. Average global surface temperature and CO2 concentration.
4. Human population
5. Ressource depletion

Question 6

Define

Ecosystem

Answer 6

A particular location on Earth with interacting biotic and abiotic environments

Question 7

Term to know:

Biotic

Answer 7

Living

Question 8

Term to know:

Abiotic

Answer 8

Non-living

Question 9

Define

Environmentalism

Answer 9

A social movement that seeks to protect the environment through lobbying, activism and education

Question 10

Define

Environmental studies

Answer 10

The field of study that includes environmental science and additional subjects such as environmental policy, economics, literature, and ethics.

Question 11

Name

Environmental Sciences are interdisciplinary. Name 3 scientific discipline that contributes to our understanding of the impact of human activities on the environment.

Answer 11

1. Biology
2. Ecology
3. Toxicology
4. Atmospheric Sciences
5. Chemistry
6. Earth Sciences

Question 12

Name:

3 Environmental social sciences

Answer 12

1. Economics
2. Politics
3. Policy
4. Ethics
5. Literature
6. Law

Question 13

fill in the blanks

To a Physiologist, a cod is a ______

Answer 13

System

Question 14

Fill in The Blanks

100x100 metres is one _______

Answer 14

Hectare

Question 15

Define

Per Capita

Answer 15

Per Person

Question 16

Define

Biophilia

Answer 16

Love of life/Love of living things

Question 17

name

basic human needs

Answer 17

air, food, water, shelter

Question 18

Define

Ecological Footprint

Answer 18

A measure of how much an individual consumes, expressed in an area of land

Question 19

define

Ecosystem Services

Answer 19

The process through which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries and agricultural crops are produced.

Question 20

define

Environmental Indicator

Answer 20

An indicator that describes the current state of an environmental system

Question 21

define

Indicator: Biodiversity

Answer 21

The diversity of life forms in an environment.
Biodiversity exists on three scales: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.

Question 22

define

Genetic Diversity

Answer 22

A measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population

Question 23

Complete the sentence

Populations with high genetic diversity are better able to…

Answer 23

…respond to environmental change than populations with lower genetic diversity.

Question 24

Define

Species

Answer 24

A group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in its morphology (body form and structure) behaviour, or biochemical properties

Question 25

# Define Species Diversity

Answer 25

The number of species in a region or particular ecosystem

Question 26

# Complete the sentence An ecosystem with higher species diversity is more...

Answer 26

...productive and resilient, and better able to recover from a disturbance.

Question 27

Explain why frogs are critical environmental indicator at a regional level.

Answer 27

Frogs are exposed to both the air and the water in their ecosystem. A decrease may be an indicator of environmental problem there.

Question 28

# Define Speciation

Answer 28

The evolution of a new species (est: 2 species\year.

Question 29

# Define Background extinction rate

Answer 29

The average rate at which species become extinct over the long term. (est: 2 species\year.)

Question 30

# Fill the blank Currently, \_\_\_\_\_ go extinct each year mainly due to habitat destruction and habitat degradation.

Answer 30

1000 species

Question 31

# Define Ecosystem Diversity

Answer 31

A measure of the diversity of ecosystems or habitats that exist in a particular region.

Question 32

# Complete the sentence A greater number of healthy and productive ecosystems means...

Answer 32

... a healthier environment overall.

Question 33

# Define Indicator: Food Production

Answer 33

Our ability to grow food to nourish the human population has increased since the 1950's but it has recently begun to level off.

Question 34

# Define Greenhouse gases

Answer 34

Gases on Earth's atmosphere that trap heat near the surface

Question 35

What does the Average Global Surface Temperatures and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations indicator says about the current trend?

Answer 35

1. Earth's average global surface temperature has incresed steadily for at least the past 100 years. 2. Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have variend over geologic time, but have risen steadily since 1960.

Question 36

What does the Human Population indicator tell us about the current trend?

Answer 36

1. The current human population is 7.6 million. 2. Every 24 hours, 380 000 infants are born and 155000 people die. 3. Over a million people are added to the Earth every 5 days. 4. Rate of population growth has been slowing since the 1960s. 5. Projections: 8 to 10 billion by 2050. 7 to 11 billion by 2100.

Question 37

What is the effect of population growth on natural and human systems?

Answer 37

Unless humans devise a way to live more systainably, population increases will put additional strains on nature systems.

Question 38

Types of Ressource Depletion

Answer 38

1. Some natural ressources are finite and can't be renewed. 2. Other natural ressources are finite but can be recycled. 3. other natural ressources are renewable but are being used faster than they can be renewed.

Question 39

# True or False As economies develop, resource consumption also increases.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

# Define Anthropogenic

Answer 40

Derived from human activities

Question 41

# Define Development

Answer 41

Improvement in human well-being through economic advancement

Question 42

# JEOPARDY Living on Earth in a wau that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those same resources

Answer 42

What is Sustainability?

Question 43

# Define Sustainable Development

Answer 43

Development that balances with current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations

Question 44

# Define Ecological footprint

Answer 44

A measureof how much an individual consumes, expressed in an area of land

Question 45

# define Scientific Method

Answer 45

An objective method to explore the natural world, draw inferences from it, and predict the outcome of certain events, processes, or changes

Question 46

# define Hypothesis

Answer 46

A testable conjecture about how something works

Question 47

# define Variable

Answer 47

Any catagories, conditions, factors or traits that differ in the natural world or in experimental conditions

Question 48

# Define Independent variable

Answer 48

A variable that is not dependent on other factors

Question 49

# Define Dependent Variable

Answer 49

A variable that is dependent on other factors

Question 50

# Define Null Hypothesis

Answer 50

a prediction that there is no difference between the groups or conditions that are being compared

Question 51

# Define Replication

Answer 51

The data collection procedure of taking repeated measurements

Question 52

# Define Sample Size

Answer 52

the number of times a measurement is replicated in data collection

Question 53

# Define Accuracy

Answer 53

How close a measured value is to the actual or true value

Question 54

# Define Precision

Answer 54

How close the repeated measurements of a sample are to one another

Question 55

# Define Uncertainty

Answer 55

An estimate if how a measured or calculated valie differs from a true value

Question 56

# Define Theory

Answer 56

A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested by multiple groups of researchers and has reached wide acceptance

Question 57

# Define Control group

Answer 57

In a scientific investigation, a group that experiences exactly the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the single variable under study

Question 58

# Define Natural experiment

Answer 58

A natural event that acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem