Chaper 1 - Body Organizations Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
Anatomical position
A
Standing erect, eyes gazing forward, arms straight, arms down at sides, palms facing forward, fingers extended, legs slightly apart, feet flat, toes pointing forward
2
Q
Frontal/Coronal plane
A
Vertical plane, divides body into anterior and posterior sections, also called frontal plane, cut along this plane gives a coronal or frontal section
3
Q
Mid-Sagittal plane
A
Line through umbilicus (navel), divides body into right and left halves
4
Q
Sagittal plane
A
Vertical plane, divides body into right and left sections, cut along this plane gives sagittal section
5
Q
Transverse plane
A
Horizontal plane, divides body into upper and lower sections, cut along this plane gives a transverse section
6
Q
Oblique plane
A
Diagonal plane, divides body at an angle
7
Q
Longitudinal section
A
Parallel to the long axis of a structure
8
Q
Cross-section
A
Right angles to the long axis of a structure
9
Q
Superior
A
Above, toward the top
10
Q
Cranial
A
Toward the head
11
Q
Medial
A
Toward the middle/midline
12
Q
Lateral
A
Away from the midline
13
Q
Anterior
A
Toward front side
14
Q
Ventral
A
Toward belly side
15
Q
Posterior
A
Toward back side
16
Q
Dorsal
A
Toward vertebral side
17
Q
Proximal
A
Nearer to the trunk (a limb) or the point of origin (an organ)
18
Q
Distal
A
Further from the trunk (a limb) or the point of origin (an organ)
19
Q
Inferior
A
Below, toward the bottom
20
Q
Caudal
A
Toward the tail
21
Q
Superficial
A
Toward the surface of the body
22
Q
Deep
A
Further away from the surface
23
Q
Orbital
A
Eye socket
24
Q
Otic
A
Ear
25
Nasal
Nose
26
Bucal
Cheek
27
Oral
Mouth
28
Mental
Chin
29
Sternal
Breast bone
30
Axillary
Underarm
31
Brachial
Arm
32
Mammary
Breast
33
Pectoral
Male breast
34
Antecubital
Front of elbow
35
Umbilical
Navel
36
Antebrachial
Forearm
37
Carpal
Wrist
38
Palmar
Palm
39
Digits or phalanges
Fingers
40
Coxal
Hip
41
Femoral
Thigh
42
Patellar
Kneecap
43
Crural
Leg
44
Tarsal
Ankle
45
Digits or phalanges
Toes
46
Cranial
Skull
47
Facial
Face
48
Cervical
Neck
49
Cephalic
Head
50
Thoracic
Chest
51
Abdominal
Abdomen
52
Pelvic
Pelvis
53
Trunk
Thoracic + abdominal + pelvis
54
Inguinal
Groin
55
Pubic
Genitals
56
Pedal
Foot
57
Occipital
Base of skull
58
Acromial
Shoulder
59
Scapular
Shoulder blade
60
Dorsum
Back
61
Vertebral
Back bone
62
Olecranal
Back of elbow
63
Lumbar
Low back
64
Sacral
Between hips
65
Manus
Hand
66
Phalanges
Fingers
67
Gluteal
Buttocks
68
Femoral
Thigh
69
Popliteal
Back of knee
70
Sural
Calf
71
Plantar
Sole
72
Upper extremity
Arm
73
Lower extremity
Leg
74
Calcaneal
Heel
75
Viscera
Internal organs
76
Cranial cavity (dorsal body cavities)
Holds brain, protected by meninges
77
Spinal cavity (dorsal body cavities)
Contains spinal cord, protected by meninges
78
Mediastinum
Center of thoracic cavity, contains all organs between the lungs
79
Pleural cavities
Each pleural cavity contains one lung, encased by pleura
80
Pericardial cavity
In the mediastinum, contains heart, encased by pleura
81
Abdominal cavity
Contains digestive organs, encased by peritoneum
82
Pelvic cavity
Contains bladder and reproductive organs, encased by peritoneum
83
Diaphragm
Separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
84
Pleura
In thoracic cavity, encases the lungs
85
Parietal layer (pleura)
Lines the thoracic cavity
86
Visceral layer (pleura)
Lies directly on surface of lungs
87
Parietal layer (pericardium)
Forms tough, outer sac, also called pericardial sac
88
Visceral layer (pericardium)
Fused directly to surface of heart, also called epicardium
89
Pericardium
In thoracic cavity, encased the heart
90
Peritoneum
In abdominopelvic cavity, encases the abdominal and pelvic organs
91
Visceral layer (peritoneum)
Lies directly on surface of the internal organs
92
Mesentery (peritoneum)
Folds of peritoneum, suspends and attaches organs to body wall, holds organs and keeps them in place
93
Parietal layer (peritoneum)
Lines the abdominopelvic cavity
94
Serous fluid
Small amounts between visceral and parietal layers, reduces friction generated by organ movement
95
Anatomical divisions
Tic-tac-toe board to produce nine separate regions
96
Clinical divisions
Uses a vertical and horizontal line crossing at the umbilicus to divide the cavity into four quadrants
97
Right hypochondriac
Refers to the region lying under the costal cartilage
98
Epigastric
Named for lying superior to the stomach, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas
99
Left hypochondriac
Name refers to the region lying under the costal cartilage, spleen
100
Right lumbar
Lumbar means loin, region between ribs and pelvic bones, ascending colon
101
Umbilical
Named for lying over the umbilicus (navel), small intestines
102
Left lumbar
Lumbar means loin, region between ribs and pelvic bones, descending colon
103
Right inguinal
Named for inguinal (groin) region, cecum
104
Hypogastric
Named for lying inferior to the stomach, appendix, urinary bladder, rectum
105
Left inguinal
Named for inguinal (groin) region, sigmoid colon
106
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Small portion of pancreas, pyloric region of stomach, majority of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portion of ureter, portions of transverse and ascending colon, initial section of duodenum, portion of small intestine
107
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Majority of stomach, majority of pancreas left lobe of liver, spleen, left kidney, portion of left ureter, portions of transverse and descending colon, splenic flexure of colon, portion of small intestine
108
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Portion of right ureter, cecum, appendix, portion of ascending colon, portion of small intestines, right ovary (females), right uterine tube (females), right seminal vesicle (males), right vas deferens (males), right bulbourethral gland (males)
109
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Portion of left ureter, sigmoid colon, portion of descending colon, portion of small intestines, left ovary (females), left uterine tube (females), left seminal vesicles (males), left vas deferens (males), left bulbourethral gland (males)
110
Midline organs
Urinary bladder, rectum and anus, uterus (females), prostate gland (males)
111
Integumentary system
Protective barrier, temperature regulation, sensation, skin
112
Skeletal system
Supports body, stores minerals, location of blood cell production, allows movement (with muscles), bone, joint
113
Muscular system
Body movement, heat, skeletal muscle
114
Nervous system
Receives information, interprets information, initiates responses, brain, spinal cord, nerves
115
Endocrine system
Secretes hormones, regulates body activity, pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, testis, ovaries
116
Cardiovascular system
Transports blood, arteries, veins, heart, capillaries, blood
117
Lymphatic system
Kills pathogens, kills diseased cells, returns fluid from interstitial area to blood, tonsil, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels
118
Respiratory system
Obtains oxygen, disposes carbon dioxide, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronco, lung, epiglottis
119
Digestive system
Digests food, absorbs nutrients, oral cavity, esophagus, gallbladder (under liver), liver, pancreas, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, anus
120
Urinary system
Eliminates waste, balances pH, water, salt, kidney, ureter, bladder
121
Male reproductive system
Produces sperm, secretes male hormones, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, testis
122
Female reproductive system
Produces ova. Nourishes newborn, secretes female hormones, mammary gland, uterine tube, ovary, uterus
