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Anatomy & Physiology I Lab Exam > Chaper 1 - Body Organizations > Flashcards

Chaper 1 - Body Organizations Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing erect, eyes gazing forward, arms straight, arms down at sides, palms facing forward, fingers extended, legs slightly apart, feet flat, toes pointing forward

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2
Q

Frontal/Coronal plane

A

Vertical plane, divides body into anterior and posterior sections, also called frontal plane, cut along this plane gives a coronal or frontal section

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3
Q

Mid-Sagittal plane

A

Line through umbilicus (navel), divides body into right and left halves

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4
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane, divides body into right and left sections, cut along this plane gives sagittal section

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5
Q

Transverse plane

A

Horizontal plane, divides body into upper and lower sections, cut along this plane gives a transverse section

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6
Q

Oblique plane

A

Diagonal plane, divides body at an angle

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7
Q

Longitudinal section

A

Parallel to the long axis of a structure

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8
Q

Cross-section

A

Right angles to the long axis of a structure

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9
Q

Superior

A

Above, toward the top

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10
Q

Cranial

A

Toward the head

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11
Q

Medial

A

Toward the middle/midline

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12
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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13
Q

Anterior

A

Toward front side

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14
Q

Ventral

A

Toward belly side

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15
Q

Posterior

A

Toward back side

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16
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward vertebral side

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17
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the trunk (a limb) or the point of origin (an organ)

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18
Q

Distal

A

Further from the trunk (a limb) or the point of origin (an organ)

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19
Q

Inferior

A

Below, toward the bottom

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20
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

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21
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the surface of the body

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22
Q

Deep

A

Further away from the surface

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23
Q

Orbital

A

Eye socket

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24
Q

Otic

A

Ear

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25
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

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26
Q

Bucal

A

Cheek

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27
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

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28
Q

Mental

A

Chin

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29
Q

Sternal

A

Breast bone

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30
Q

Axillary

A

Underarm

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31
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

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32
Q

Mammary

A

Breast

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33
Q

Pectoral

A

Male breast

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34
Q

Antecubital

A

Front of elbow

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35
Q

Umbilical

A

Navel

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36
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

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37
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

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38
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

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39
Q

Digits or phalanges

A

Fingers

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40
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

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41
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

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42
Q

Patellar

A

Kneecap

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43
Q

Crural

A

Leg

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44
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

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45
Q

Digits or phalanges

A

Toes

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46
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

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47
Q

Facial

A

Face

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48
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

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49
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

50
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest

51
Q

Abdominal

A

Abdomen

52
Q

Pelvic

A

Pelvis

53
Q

Trunk

A

Thoracic + abdominal + pelvis

54
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

55
Q

Pubic

A

Genitals

56
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

57
Q

Occipital

A

Base of skull

58
Q

Acromial

A

Shoulder

59
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

60
Q

Dorsum

A

Back

61
Q

Vertebral

A

Back bone

62
Q

Olecranal

A

Back of elbow

63
Q

Lumbar

A

Low back

64
Q

Sacral

A

Between hips

65
Q

Manus

A

Hand

66
Q

Phalanges

A

Fingers

67
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttocks

68
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

69
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of knee

70
Q

Sural

A

Calf

71
Q

Plantar

A

Sole

72
Q

Upper extremity

A

Arm

73
Q

Lower extremity

A

Leg

74
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

75
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs

76
Q

Cranial cavity (dorsal body cavities)

A

Holds brain, protected by meninges

77
Q

Spinal cavity (dorsal body cavities)

A

Contains spinal cord, protected by meninges

78
Q

Mediastinum

A

Center of thoracic cavity, contains all organs between the lungs

79
Q

Pleural cavities

A

Each pleural cavity contains one lung, encased by pleura

80
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

In the mediastinum, contains heart, encased by pleura

81
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains digestive organs, encased by peritoneum

82
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Contains bladder and reproductive organs, encased by peritoneum

83
Q

Diaphragm

A

Separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

84
Q

Pleura

A

In thoracic cavity, encases the lungs

85
Q

Parietal layer (pleura)

A

Lines the thoracic cavity

86
Q

Visceral layer (pleura)

A

Lies directly on surface of lungs

87
Q

Parietal layer (pericardium)

A

Forms tough, outer sac, also called pericardial sac

88
Q

Visceral layer (pericardium)

A

Fused directly to surface of heart, also called epicardium

89
Q

Pericardium

A

In thoracic cavity, encased the heart

90
Q

Peritoneum

A

In abdominopelvic cavity, encases the abdominal and pelvic organs

91
Q

Visceral layer (peritoneum)

A

Lies directly on surface of the internal organs

92
Q

Mesentery (peritoneum)

A

Folds of peritoneum, suspends and attaches organs to body wall, holds organs and keeps them in place

93
Q

Parietal layer (peritoneum)

A

Lines the abdominopelvic cavity

94
Q

Serous fluid

A

Small amounts between visceral and parietal layers, reduces friction generated by organ movement

95
Q

Anatomical divisions

A

Tic-tac-toe board to produce nine separate regions

96
Q

Clinical divisions

A

Uses a vertical and horizontal line crossing at the umbilicus to divide the cavity into four quadrants

97
Q

Right hypochondriac

A

Refers to the region lying under the costal cartilage

98
Q

Epigastric

A

Named for lying superior to the stomach, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas

99
Q

Left hypochondriac

A

Name refers to the region lying under the costal cartilage, spleen

100
Q

Right lumbar

A

Lumbar means loin, region between ribs and pelvic bones, ascending colon

101
Q

Umbilical

A

Named for lying over the umbilicus (navel), small intestines

102
Q

Left lumbar

A

Lumbar means loin, region between ribs and pelvic bones, descending colon

103
Q

Right inguinal

A

Named for inguinal (groin) region, cecum

104
Q

Hypogastric

A

Named for lying inferior to the stomach, appendix, urinary bladder, rectum

105
Q

Left inguinal

A

Named for inguinal (groin) region, sigmoid colon

106
Q

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

A

Small portion of pancreas, pyloric region of stomach, majority of liver, gallbladder, right kidney, portion of ureter, portions of transverse and ascending colon, initial section of duodenum, portion of small intestine

107
Q

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

A

Majority of stomach, majority of pancreas left lobe of liver, spleen, left kidney, portion of left ureter, portions of transverse and descending colon, splenic flexure of colon, portion of small intestine

108
Q

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

A

Portion of right ureter, cecum, appendix, portion of ascending colon, portion of small intestines, right ovary (females), right uterine tube (females), right seminal vesicle (males), right vas deferens (males), right bulbourethral gland (males)

109
Q

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

A

Portion of left ureter, sigmoid colon, portion of descending colon, portion of small intestines, left ovary (females), left uterine tube (females), left seminal vesicles (males), left vas deferens (males), left bulbourethral gland (males)

110
Q

Midline organs

A

Urinary bladder, rectum and anus, uterus (females), prostate gland (males)

111
Q

Integumentary system

A

Protective barrier, temperature regulation, sensation, skin

112
Q

Skeletal system

A

Supports body, stores minerals, location of blood cell production, allows movement (with muscles), bone, joint

113
Q

Muscular system

A

Body movement, heat, skeletal muscle

114
Q

Nervous system

A

Receives information, interprets information, initiates responses, brain, spinal cord, nerves

115
Q

Endocrine system

A

Secretes hormones, regulates body activity, pituitary, parathyroid, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, testis, ovaries

116
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Transports blood, arteries, veins, heart, capillaries, blood

117
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Kills pathogens, kills diseased cells, returns fluid from interstitial area to blood, tonsil, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels

118
Q

Respiratory system

A

Obtains oxygen, disposes carbon dioxide, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronco, lung, epiglottis

119
Q

Digestive system

A

Digests food, absorbs nutrients, oral cavity, esophagus, gallbladder (under liver), liver, pancreas, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, anus

120
Q

Urinary system

A

Eliminates waste, balances pH, water, salt, kidney, ureter, bladder

121
Q

Male reproductive system

A

Produces sperm, secretes male hormones, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, testis

122
Q

Female reproductive system

A

Produces ova. Nourishes newborn, secretes female hormones, mammary gland, uterine tube, ovary, uterus

Anatomy & Physiology I Lab Exam (3 decks)

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