Chapter 2 - Cell Structure, Cell Division, Transport Mechanisms Flashcards

Question

Life cycle of a cell

Answer 1

Cell carries out its functions, grows to its full size, replicates its DNA and organelles then divides to produce two identical daughter cells

Answer 2

Division portion of the cell cycle Ensure that each daughter cell receives the full and correct number of chromosomes from the parent Equal division if DNA Consists of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Answer 3

Consists of G1, S, & G2 phases Time during which cell is carrying out its functions and growing larger Replicates DNA as it prepares to divide

Answer 4

Division if cytoplasm Results in two equal cells Physician division of cell following division of DNA When complete, two identifiable daughter cells are formed Each daughter cell enters interphase and behinds the process again

Answer 5

Consists of four the stages of mitosis and cytokineses Time during which original cell produces two identifiable daughter cells

Answer 6

Cells grows larger Carries out cellular functions

Answer 7

DNA is replicated Sister chromatids are formed Organelles increase in number

Answer 8

Cells grows larger Prepares to divide Continues to carry out cellular functions

Answer 9

Cytokineses Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Answer 10

Cell carries out its functions DNA is diffuse and called chromatin No chromosomes are visible Cell replicates DNA and organelles as it prepares to enter mitosis

Answer 11

First stage of mitosis Chromatic condenses into visible chromosomes called sister chromatids Sister chromatids are the result of DNA replication, two or more identified chromosomes connected by a centromere Nuclear envelope behinds to break down Spindle fibers appear

Answer 12

Second stage of mitosis Nuclear envelope is gone Centromere of each sister chromatid attaches to spindle fibers Sister chromatids line up along equator of cell

Answer 13

Third stage of mitosis Sister chromatids separate at centromere to produce individual chromosomes Chromosomes begin to migrate to the poles

Answer 14

Fourth stage of mitosis Chromosomes reach poles Spindle fibers disappear Nuclei behind to reform

Answer 15

Water Organisms are roughly 75-85% water

Answer 16

Sugars, proteins, electrolytes, and organic molecules

Answer 17

Lipids causing it to be hydrophobic (hates water) Becomes a selectively permeable barrier

Answer 18

Substances cross the membrane Area of high concentration to low concentration Passive process (no energy)

Answer 19

Molecules such as water, oxygen, steroid hormones are able to cross through the membrane freely

Answer 20

Molecules such as ions, glucose, and amino acid cannot move through independently With the assistance of a channel or transport protein to cross the cell membrane

Answer 21

Solute particles are close together Frequently collide with each other Collisions give kinetic energy to solute molecules, causing them to spread out and become evenly distributed

Answer 22

Solute particles are close together Frequently collide with each other

Answer 23

Few solute molecules Plenty of room for molecules to move from area of high concentration to area of low concentration

Answer 24

After time and many collisions Solute molecules have spread evenly throughout solution

Answer 25

For it to occur there must be a selectively permeable membrane that is passable to the solvent (water in living bodies) but impassable to a solute Water is freely passable and will diffuse from the side of lower solute concentration (hypotonic solution) toward the higher solute concentration (hypertonic solution) in attempt to reach equilibrium If solution isotonic then there is no need for net movement

Answer 26

Named for lower solute concentration Hypo- means less than Higher water (solvent) concentration Net movement of water out of this side

Answer 27

Named for higher solute concentration Hyper- means greater than Lower water (solvent) concentration Net movement of water toward this side

Answer 28

ISO- means the same Equal solute and solvent concentration on birth sides of the selectively permeable membrane Water molecules continue to cross the membrane, but no further net movement

Answer 29

Water, the solvent, freely passes through Solute molecules cannot pass through

Answer 30

Pressure generated within a cell as water presses against the plasma membrane

Answer 31

Equal solute concentration on both sides of the membrane No concentration gradient No net movement of water No change in red blood cell (RBC) shape

Answer 32

Smaller solute concentration outside of membrane Concentration gradient exists Net flow of water into RBC RBC swells and may lyse (potentially burst)

Answer 33

Greater solute concentration outside membrane Concentration gradient exists Net flow of water out of RBC RBC crenates (shrinks)