Chaper 11 Tortora- The Muscular System

Question 1

Muscles are attached to bones by tendons at their ___________ & ___________ sites

Answer 1

Origin

Insertion

Question 2

Muscular system

Answer 2

Composed of the voluntarily controlled muscles of the body

Question 3

___________ that produce movement do so by exerting for some tendons, which in turn pool and bones and other structures [such as skin]

Answer 3

Skeletal muscles

Question 4

___________ ___________ cross at least One joint and are usually attached to articulating bones that form the joint

Answer 4

Most muscles

Question 5

Origin

Answer 5

The attachment of the muscle tendon to the stationary bone

Question 6

Insertion

Answer 6

Attachment of the muscles other tending to the moveable bone

Question 7

___________is usually proximal and the insertion distal; the insertion is usually pull towards the origin

Answer 7

Origin

Question 8

Belly [body]

Answer 8

Fleshy portion of muscle between tendons

Question 9

Actions

Answer 9

Main movements that occur when muscle contracts

Question 10

Five patterns of fascicles

Answer 10

Parallel
Fusiform [Spindle-shaped narrow toward the end wide in the middle]
Circular
Triangular
Pennate [shaped like a feather]

Question 11

When a muscle contracts [fiber] it shortens to about ___________ Of its resting length

Answer 11

70%

Question 12

Prime mover

Answer 12

[Agonist a.k.a. leader] contracts to cause an action

Question 13

Antagonist

Answer 13

Stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover

Question 14

Agonist

Answer 14

Leader

Question 15

The antagonist in the prime mover Are usually located on ___________ Sides of the bone or joint

Answer 15

Opposite and can switch roles

Question 16

Parallel fascicle

Answer 16

Parallel to longitudinal axis
terminate at either end in flat tendons

Sternohyoid muscle

Question 17

Fusiform fascicle

Answer 17

Nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle, terminate in flat tendons muscle tapers toward tendons

digastric muscle

Question 18

Circular fascicle

Answer 18

Concentric circular arrangement form sphincter muscles that enclose an orifice

Obicularis oculi

Question 19

Triangular fascicle

Answer 19

Spread over broad area converge at thick Central tendon; gives muscle a triangular appearance

Pectoralis major

Question 20

Pennate fascicle

Answer 20

Short in relation to total muscle length; tendon extends nearly the entire length of muscle

Question 21

Uinpennate

Answer 21

Arranged on one side of tendon

Extensor digitorum longus

Question 22

Bipennate

Answer 22

Arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons

Rectus femoris

Question 23

Multipennate

Answer 23

Attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons

Deltoid

Question 24

Synergist

Answer 24

Contract and stabilize the intermediate joints

Question 25

Fixators

Answer 25

Stabilizing the origin of a prime mover so that it can act more efficiently

Question 26

Compartment

Answer 26

Group of skeletal muscle, in the limbs, their associated blood vessels and nerves, all of which have a common function

Question 27

Benefits of stretching

Answer 27

-Improve physical performance – decreased risk of injury -reduce muscle soreness -improved posture

Question 28

Bell’s Palsy

Answer 28

[Facial paralysis] unilateral paralysis of the muscles of facial expression -due to damage her disease a facial VII Nerve [80% recovered completely]

Question 29

Extrinsic eye muscles

Answer 29

Will the eyeballs, originate outside the eyeballs [fastest contracting and precisely controlled]

Question 30

Three pairs of extrinsic I am muscles control movement of the eyeballs

Answer 30

Superior and inferior recti Lateral and medial recti Superior and inferior oblique’s

Question 31

Strabismus

Answer 31

Condition in which the two eyeballs are not aligned [lazy eye]

Question 32

Four pairs of muscles involved in mastication

Answer 32

Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid [opens mouth]

Question 32

Three powerful closers of the jaw muscles

Answer 32

Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid

Question 33

The strongest muscle of mastication

Answer 33

Masseter

Question 34

To principal types of tongue muscles

Answer 34

Extrinsic[Originate outside tongue and insert into] | Intrinsic [Originate and answer within tongue]

Question 35

Intubation during anaesthesia

Answer 35

- Total relaxation of muscles | - airway must be protected and lungs ventilated

Question 36

To muscle groups associated with the anterior aspect of the neck

Answer 36

Suprahyoid | Infrahyoid

Question 37

Dysphagia

Answer 37

Difficulty swallowing

Question 38

Sternocleidomastoid [SCM] details

Answer 38

Has two bellies that insert at the sternal head and the clavicular head -divide the neck into two major triangles [anterior and posterior]

Question 39

Anterior triangle [SCM]

Answer 39

Bordered superiorly by the mandible, medially by the cervical midline, and laterally by the anterior border of the SCM

Question 40

3 paired subdivisions of Anterior triangle

Answer 40

Submandibular Carotid Muscular Submandibular Submental Deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 41

Posterior triangle [SCM]

Answer 41

Bordered inferiorly by the clavicle, anteriorly by the posterior border of the SCM and posteriorly by the anterior border of the trapezius muscle

Question 42

Anterolateral abdominal wall consist of:

Answer 42

Skin Fascia Four pairs of muscles [external and internal oblique, transversus and rectus abdominis]

Question 43

External oblique

Answer 43

Superficial, fascicles extend inferiorly & medially

Question 44

Internal oblique

Answer 44

Intermediate flat muscle, fascicles extend at right angles to those of the external oblique

Question 45

Transversus abdominis

Answer 45

Deep muscle, most of its fascicles are directed transversely around the abdominal wall

Question 46

3 muscles that form the layers around the abdomen

Answer 46

External Oblique internal Oblique Transversus Abdominis

Question 47

The three muscles that surround the abdomen in each layer the muscle fascicles extend in a different direction. This is a structural arrangement that affords considerable protection to the ________ _______ Especially when the muscles have good tone.

Answer 47

Abdominal viscera

Question 48

Rectus abdominis

Answer 48

Long muscle that extends the entire length of the anterior abdominal wall

Question 49

Thorax muscles [chest]

Answer 49

Alter the size of the thoracic cavity so breathing can occur.

Question 50

Functions of Diaphragm

Answer 50

Most important muscle that Power’s breathing Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities Convex superior surface

Question 51

Three major openings of the diaphragm

Answer 51

Aortic hiatus Esophageal hiatus Caval opening

Question 52

Intercostals

Answer 52

Involved in breathing Space between ribs 11 pairs internal and 11 pairs external

Question 53

Hernia

Answer 53

Protrusion of an organ through a structure that normally contains it Create a lump that can be seen or felt through the skin surface More common in males then females

Question 54

Sports hernia

Answer 54

Painful strain [tear] in the soft tissues [muscles, tendons and ligaments] in lower abdomen or groin -no visible lump