Chaper 2- Chemical Context Of Life

Question 1

What is matter made up of?

Answer 1

Elements

Question 2

Elements

Answer 2

Substance that cannot be broken down by chemical reactions

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

Substance consisting of two or more different elements

Question 4

Essential elements

Answer 4

Elements in organism needs to live, 25

Question 5

Trace elements

Answer 5

Elements required by organisms and only small doses such as iron, iodine, and magnesium

Question 6

True or False. Other elements are toxic and organisms have learned to adapt to them.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or false. Elements properties depend on the structure of the atoms

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What do stone retain?

Answer 8

Properties of elements

Question 9

SubAtomic particles

Answer 9

Tiny bits of matter that are composed of even smaller particles

Question 10

What is in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 10

Proton and neutron

Question 11

Dalton or AMU

Answer 11

Measurement for atoms

Question 12

Atomic Number

Answer 12

Number of protons

Question 13

Mass Number

Answer 13

Number of neutrons which is sum of protons and neutrons

Question 14

How to calculate neutrons

Answer 14

MN- AN

Question 15

Atomic Mass

Answer 15

Total mass of an element’s atom

Question 16

Isotope

Answer 16

Element atoms have same number of protons but some have more neutrons which equals a greater mass but behaves identically in chemical reaction

Question 17

Radioactive Isotopes

Answer 17

Nucleus decays spontaneously which gives off particles/energy

Question 18

Half Life

Answer 18

Time it takes for 50% of parent isotope to decay, measure how old a fossil is

Question 19

Energy

Answer 19

Capacity to cause change by doing work

Question 20

Potential Energy

Answer 20

Energy that matter possesses because of location or structure. More distance from the nucleus to proton result in a greater potential energy

Question 21

What is an electron shell and where does it have the lowest potential energy?

Answer 21

Electrons are found here and closest to the nucleus

Question 22

What is chemical behavior determined by?

Answer 22

Electronic distribution and depends mostly on the outershell

Question 23

Talence electrons

Answer 23

Outer electrons

Question 24

Where does the charge come from?

Answer 24

Unpaired electrons

Question 25

Chemical Bond

Answer 25

Interaction between atoms share electrons and are held together by these bonds to form molecules

Question 26

Covalent Bonds

Answer 26

Interactions between atoms which share electrons

Question 27

Molecule

Answer 27

Two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond

Question 28

Electronegativity

Answer 28

The attraction of particular atoms for electron of covalent bond, more electronegativity the more it pulls electrons closer

Question 29

Nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 29

Electrons shared equally because electronegativity is neutral between the two

Question 30

Polar covalent bond

Answer 30

Electrons of a bond that are not equal because of electronegativity

Question 31

Ionic bond

Answer 31

Atoms unequal in attraction which is bad for valence electrons that have less energy because it strips that electron away

Question 32

Ions

Answer 32

Two resulting oppositely atoms/molecules

Question 33

Cation

Answer 33

Positively charged ion

Question 34

Anion

Answer 34

negatively charged ion

Question 35

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 35

Bond of hydrogen in electronegative atom

Question 36

Can see Waals interaction

Answer 36

Individually week and occurs only when atoms and molecules are close together

Question 37

Chemical reaction

Answer 37

Making and breaking of chemical bonds leaving to changes in the composition of matter

Question 38

Chemical Equilibrium

Answer 38

Concentration have stabilized at particular ratio

Question 39

Matter

Answer 39

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 40

What are the three subatomic particles and significance?

Answer 40

Neutrons: number varies which creates isotopes Protons: positive charge Electrons: negative charge, determine chemical properties an reactivity

Question 41

Types of chemical bonds and how they form.

Answer 41

Ionic: rips it away because of electronegativity Covalent: electrons shared equally (polar) and not equally (nonpolar)

Question 42

What role does hydrogen play?

Answer 42

A major role in the 3D shape of protein and nucleic acid

Question 43

Van dee Waals interaction

Answer 43

Very weak, transient connects that are the result of asymmetrical distribution of electrons within a molecule

Question 44

What do chemical reactions do?

Answer 44

Make or break chemical bonds

Question 45

H20 and properties, due to hydrogen bonding, helps make life on Earth possible. Name some of these properties.

Answer 45

Structure of Water: key to properties, polar, maximum of four bonds Hydrogen bonding: cohesion, adhesion, transcription, moderation of temperature, high specific heat, insulator, and solvent

Question 46

Transcription

Answer 46

Movement of water up xylem tubes and evaporation from stomata in plants.

Question 47

Specific heat

Answer 47

Raise 1g by 1°C

Question 48

How is water an insulator?

Answer 48

Ice floats and regulate

Question 49

Solvent and solute

Answer 49

Does dissolving& dissolves