Chapter 8- The Metabolism

Question 1

Cellular respiration

Answer 1

Drives this cellular economy by extracting energy stored in sugars and other fuels

Question 2

Bioluminescent

Answer 2

Stored energy in certain molecules to light

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

Totality of an organisms chemical reactions

Question 4

Metabolic pathway

Answer 4

Starts with a starting molecule an goes through a series of steps resulting in a product

Question 5

Catabolic pathways

Answer 5

Breakdown pathways which releases energy by doing this and into simpler compounds (cellular respiration)

Question 6

Anabolic Pathways

Answer 6

Consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones, they are sometimes called biosynthetic pathways. Example is the synthesis of amino acids from simpler molecules and the synthesis of protein from amino acids

Question 7

Bioenergetics

Answer 7

Study of how energy flows from living organisms

Question 8

Energy

Answer 8

Capacity to cause change

Question 9

What does the work of life depend on

Answer 9

Ability of cells to transform energy from one form to another

Question 10

Kinetic energy

Answer 10

Energy of motion

Question 11

Thermal energy

Answer 11

Connecticut energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules

Question 12

Heat

Answer 12

Thermal energy and transferred from one object to another

Question 13

Is light a type of energy

Answer 13

Yes that can be harnessed for formwork such as powering the photosynthesis and green plants

Question 14

Potential energy

Answer 14

Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

Question 15

Chemical energy

Answer 15

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Question 16

During a catabolic reaction do bonds break or form

Answer 16

Both, releasing energy and resulting in lower energy breakdown products

Question 17

Biochemical pathway

Answer 17

Enable cells to release chemical energy from food molecules and use the energy to power life processes

Question 18

Thermodynamics

Answer 18

Study of the energy transformation that occurs in a collection of matter

Question 19

Is the difference between open and close system

Answer 19

Open system is when energy and matter can be transformed between the system and its surroundings unlike an isolated system

Question 20

What is the first law of thermodynamics

Answer 20

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 21

What is the first law of thermodynamics called

Answer 21

Conservation of energy

Question 22

What is the second law of thermodynamics

Answer 22

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe

Question 23

Where is the most chemical energy loss to

Answer 23

Not motion but to heat

Question 24

What is beneficial for the heat given off

Answer 24

It warms our bodies up

Question 25

Entropy

Answer 25

Measure of disorder or randomness

Question 26

Spontaneous process

Answer 26

Leads to an increase in entropy, that process can proceed without re-quiring an input of energy

Question 27

Nonspontaneous process

Answer 27

Decrease in entropy and will happen only if energy is supplied such as the flow of water uphill through a machine but still leads to the increase of entropy in the world

Question 28

Kind of chain are amino acids ordered in

Answer 28

Polypeptide chain

Question 29

The universe is equivalent to what

Answer 29

The system and surroundings

Question 30

What is the Gibbs free energy of a system without considering it surroundings

Answer 30

Symbolized by the G and is free energy which is the portion of a systems energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure her uniform throughout the systemas in the living cell

Question 31

How can you calculate free energy

Answer 31

Free energy is equal to the change in enthalpy minus the change in the systems entropy times that absolute temperature in kelvin

Question 32

How do you convert from Celsius to F

Answer 32

At 273 to your Celsius us degree

Question 33

Once the calculate free energy what can you use it to predict

Answer 33

Whether the process will be spontaneous that is whether it is energetically favorable and Welker without input of energy

Question 34

Is spontaneous process negative orpositive

Answer 34

It is negative in other words every spontaneous process decreases the systems free energy and processes that have positive or zero free energy are never spontaneous

Question 35

Change of free space is equal to the free space and Final State minus free space initial state

Answer 35

Free energy can be negative only when the process involves a loss of energy during the change from initial state to final state because it has less free energy the system in its final state is less likely to change and is therefore more stable than it was previously

Question 36

What happens when we digest food?

Answer 36

Proteins are dismantled into amino acids that can be converted to sugars

Question 37

What is an unstable system and what happens to it?

Answer 37

A system with higher free energy and tends to change in such a way that they become more stable has lower free energy

Question 38

Maximum stability

Answer 38

Equilibrium

Question 39

What happens as a reaction proceeds towards equilibrium

Answer 39

The free energy of the mixture of reactants and products decreases free energy increases when I reaction is somehow pushed away from equilibrium raspberry moving some of the product and this changing their concentration relative to that of the reactant

Question 40

True or false. A process is spontaneous and can't perform work only when it is moving towards the equilibrium

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Exergonic

Answer 41

Energy outward

Question 42

Ergonic

Answer 42

Energy outward

Question 43

Exergonic reaction

Answer 43

Process with a net release of free energy

Question 44

When bonds break do they release or not release energy

Answer 44

They do not release energy but require energy because energy is stored in bonds

Question 45

Endergonic reactions

Answer 45

Absorbs free energy from its surroundings because this kind of reaction essentially stores free energy molecule free energy increases and this positive unlike when it decreases and loses energy from the other reaction

Question 46

What three main kinds of work does a cell do?

Answer 46

Chemical work (energy for nonspontaneous like synthesis), transport work (pushing substances across membrane), and mechanical work (cell movements)

Question 47

ATP

Answer 47

Adenosine triphosphate and contains sugar ribose, nitrogen base adenine, and three phosphate groups

Question 48

Enzyme

Answer 48

Macromolecule that acts like a catalyst