Chappy 13

Question 1

Interactionist theory? Two subdivisions?

Answer 1

crime is a consequence of interpersonal relationships and of what those relationships mean

Central concept: deviant career - passage of individual through the stages of one or more related deviant identities

Two subdivisions
Labeling theory: the social response to initial acts of deviance = deviant identity/career
Differential association theory: people learn to be criminals through interaction w/other criminals

Question 2

Interactionist theory applied to criminology? three premises?

Answer 2

Based on symbolic interactionism (three premises)
Pp act according to objects in their lives and the meanings those objects have for them
These meanings emerge from interaction among people
Meaning are applied and occasionally modified

helps explain the establishment of moral rules, their application through labelling and the long-term consequences of these two processes for deviants and for society

Question 3

The deviant career and interactionism?

Labeling (3)?

Answer 3

Some groups have power to force a label on less powerful groups - deviance is not a quality of act but rather a label

Not always accurate or fair: Some deviants escape public detection
Some have not deviated but are labeled as such
Label may be subject to negotiation

Question 4

Deviant carreers are fostered by what? that is fostered by what?

Answer 4

influenced by contingencies and turning points ecoutered at each stage

a sense of continuity fostered by
Increased oppertunity
increased sophistication and recognition by peers

Question 5

Labeling theory applied to deviant carreer progression? what is a master status?

Answer 5

Primary deviation
Early in career, still drifting from normal morals to deviant morals

Interaction with agents of social control
members of society who help check deviant behaviour - labeling done by societal reaction or agent of social control

Secondary deviation
deviance is a way of life or an identity - assuming role

Master status: overrides all previous personality traits

Question 6

What is continuance commitment?

Answer 6

Awareness that craftimg a new identity is impossible

Question 7

Differential association theory? (sutherland) what is learned?

Answer 7

Criminal behaviour is learned through social interaction with other criminals
Criminal behaviour is a response to the same cultural needs and values as non-criminal behaviour

Emphasis placed on reintegration efforts/community acceptance

what is learned:
Technique, motives, attitudes, rationalization, disregard for legal code, bonding to criminals and distancing from normal society